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Regulación de la transferencia de anticuerpos placentarios mediada por el glicano

Madeleine F Jennewein¹, Ilona Goldfarb², Sepideh Dolatshahi³

¹Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

|June 18, 2019

Resumen

La inmunización materna transfiere anticuerpos específicos a los recién nacidos, mejorando la inmunidad innata. Esta transferencia selectiva, impulsada por las características de los anticuerpos, ofrece ideas para desarrollar vacunas maternas de próxima generación contra infecciones infantiles.

Área de la Ciencia:

Inmunología
Salud neonatal
Vacunas y vacunas

Sus antecedentes:

Los recién nacidos son susceptibles a las infecciones a pesar de la vacunación generalizada.
La transferencia materna de anticuerpos a través de la placenta es crucial para la inmunidad neonatal, pero no es uniforme.
Las estrategias de vacunación neonatal existentes se enfrentan a desafíos debido a los sistemas inmunológicos inmaduros y los factores maternos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar las características Fc de los anticuerpos que influyen en la transferencia placentaria.
Para entender los mecanismos detrás de la transferencia selectiva de anticuerpos de la madre al feto.
Informar el diseño de vacunas maternas avanzadas para una mejor protección neonatal.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizó la serología de sistemas para analizar las características de los anticuerpos Fc.
Comparación de los perfiles Fc de los anticuerpos maternos y neonatales.
Se investigó el papel de los Fc-glicanos y los receptores Fc (FcRn, FCGR3A) en la transferencia de anticuerpos.

Principales resultados:

Los anticuerpos maternos y neonatales presentan perfiles de Fc distintos, favoreciendo a los anticuerpos que activan las células NK en los recién nacidos.
La transferencia selectiva de anticuerpos está asociada con los Fc-glicanos digalactosilados.
Los glicanos digalactosilados facilitan la unión a FcRn y FCGR3A, lo que permite la transferencia de anticuerpos que activan las células inmunes innatas.

Conclusiones:

Las estructuras de anticuerpos Fc-glicanos dictan la eficiencia de la transferencia placentaria.
Los hallazgos revelan un mecanismo para la transferencia de anticuerpos optimizados para la inmunidad innata neonatal.
Esta investigación proporciona una base para el desarrollo de vacunas maternas de próxima generación para mejorar la inmunidad infantil.

Palabras clave:

El ADCC Funcionalidad de los anticuerpos Glicosilación de anticuerpos La vacunación materna Inmunología neonatal Traslado transplacentario

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