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Prevalencia, factores de riesgo y tratamiento del asma en China: un estudio transversal nacional
Kewu Huang1, Ting Yang2, Jianying Xu3
1Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 25, 2019
Resumen
El asma afecta al 4,2% de los adultos chinos, un total de 45,7 millones de personas. El estudio destaca el importante diagnóstico y tratamiento insuficientes, enfatizando la necesidad de una mayor conciencia y atención estandarizada en China.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina de los pulmones
- Epidemiología
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- El asma es una enfermedad crónica de las vías respiratorias muy extendida a nivel mundial.
- China carece de datos nacionales completos sobre la prevalencia del asma, los factores de riesgo y el tratamiento.
- Este estudio tenía como objetivo abordar esta brecha estimando la prevalencia nacional del asma en China.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Estimar la prevalencia nacional del asma en una población adulta china representativa.
- Identificar los principales factores de riesgo asociados con la prevalencia del asma en China.
- Evaluar el estado actual del manejo y tratamiento del asma en China.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio transversal nacional en el que participaron 57.779 adultos mayores de 20 años del estudio China Pulmonary Health (CPH).
- Los participantes fueron reclutados utilizando un método de muestreo estratificado en varias etapas en diez provincias chinas.
- El asma se determinó por el historial de diagnóstico médico o los síntomas de sibilancias; las pruebas de función pulmonar evaluaron la limitación del flujo de aire.
Principales resultados:
- La prevalencia general de asma fue del 4,2% (45,7 millones de adultos); el 1,1% tenía asma con limitación del flujo de aire (13,1 millones de adultos).
- Los factores de riesgo incluyen el tabaquismo, la rinitis alérgica, la neumonía / bronquitis infantil, los antecedentes de enfermedades respiratorias de los padres y la baja educación.
- Sólo el 28,8% de los pacientes con asma informaron un diagnóstico médico, y el tratamiento con corticosteroides inhalados fue bajo (5,6%).
Conclusiones:
- El asma es muy frecuente en China, pero su diagnóstico y tratamiento son insuficientes.
- Necesidad urgente de aumentar la conciencia pública y aplicar protocolos estandarizados de tratamiento del asma.
- Abordar los factores de riesgo y mejorar el acceso a la atención médica es crucial para reducir la carga del asma en China.
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