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Vuelo sin ataduras de un vehículo aéreo de microescala con alas del tamaño de un insecto
Noah T Jafferis1,2, E Farrell Helbling3,4, Michael Karpelson4
1John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. njafferis@seas.harvard.edu.
Nature
|June 28, 2019
Resumen
Los investigadores lograron un vuelo sin ataduras sostenido en un vehículo aéreo de microescala. Este robot del tamaño de un insecto supera los desafíos de potencia y carga para el vuelo autónomo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La robótica
- Ingeniería Aeroespacial
- Biomimética
Sus antecedentes:
- El vuelo sin ataduras en robots del tamaño de insectos está limitado por las altas demandas de energía y las limitaciones de carga útil.
- Los vehículos aéreos micro actuales requieren amarres para el poder y el control, lo que restringe su autonomía.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para demostrar un vuelo sin ataduras sostenido en un vehículo aéreo de microescala con alas del tamaño de un insecto.
- Superar los desafíos de integración energética y electrónica para el vuelo autónomo a pequeña escala.
Principales métodos:
- Desarrolló un vehículo de 90 miligramos con cuatro alas impulsadas por actuadores piezoeléctricos reforzados con alumina.
- Integró una matriz fotovoltaica y un generador de señales para la energía y el control a bordo.
- Se logró una mayor eficiencia aerodinámica y una alta relación peso-elevación.
Principales resultados:
- El vehículo alcanzó una relación pico de carga/peso de 4,1:1, superando a sus homólogos biológicos en eficiencia de empuje.
- El sistema integrado, incluida la electrónica, pesa 259 miligramos, con capacidad de carga útil adicional.
- El sistema consume 110-120 milivatios, igualando la eficiencia de empuje de los insectos como las abejas.
Conclusiones:
- Este estudio presenta el vehículo aéreo más ligero a escala de insecto para lograr un vuelo sin ataduras sostenido.
- La tecnología demostrada allana el camino para vehículos aéreos autónomos con capacidades de carga útil prácticas.
- Los hallazgos representan un avance significativo en la micro-robótica y los sistemas de vuelo de inspiración biológica.
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