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Materiales transparentes parecidos a la nacre, resistentes a los golpes
Z Yin1, F Hannard1, F Barthelat2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 29, 2019
Resumen
Los investigadores desarrollaron un nuevo vidrio inspirado en el nacre utilizando una estructura de "ladrillo y mortero". Este material innovador mejora significativamente la resistencia al impacto y la dureza, imitando las conchas de moluscos naturales para aplicaciones de vidrio más fuertes y duraderas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de los materiales
- Biomimética
- Ingeniería estructural
Sus antecedentes:
- El vidrio tradicional exhibe excelentes propiedades ópticas, pero sufre de fragilidad y baja resistencia al impacto, lo que limita su uso.
- Los métodos existentes, como la laminación y el templado, mejoran la respuesta al impacto, pero no abordan la fragilidad inherente.
- El nacre natural (madre de perla) ofrece una dureza excepcional a través de su estructura única en 3D de "ladrillo y mortero" y su "mecanismo de deslizamiento de tabletas".
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para diseñar un nuevo vidrio laminado bioinspirado que replica las características estructurales del nacre natural.
- Mejorar la dureza y la resistencia al impacto del vidrio mediante la incorporación de un "mecanismo de deslizamiento de tabletas".
- Para crear un material de vidrio de alto rendimiento adecuado para aplicaciones exigentes.
Principales métodos:
- Diseñó una arquitectura 3D "de ladrillo y mortero" utilizando capas intermedias de elastómero termoplástico transparente.
- Imitó la estructura jerárquica y el "mecanismo de deslizamiento de tabletas" de la nácar natural.
- Fabricado y probado el vidrio parecido al nacre para la fuerza, rigidez y resistencia al impacto.
Principales resultados:
- El vidrio bioinspirado reprodujo con éxito el "mecanismo de deslizamiento de tabletas", permitiendo deformaciones no lineales de gran volumen.
- Alcanza una resistencia al impacto 2-3 veces mayor en comparación con el vidrio laminado y templado convencional.
- Mantiene altos niveles de resistencia y rigidez comparables al vidrio tradicional.
Conclusiones:
- El vidrio inspirado en el nacre demuestra un enfoque biomimético altamente efectivo para superar la fragilidad del vidrio.
- El "mecanismo de deslizamiento de la tableta" es un factor crítico para lograr una dureza superior y resistencia al impacto.
- Este nuevo material ofrece una vía prometedora para desarrollar productos de vidrio significativamente más resistentes y seguros.
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