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La estimulación suavizada por los esteroles de membrana impulsa la actividad de la vía del erizo
Ishan Deshpande1, Jiahao Liang1, Danielle Hedeen2,3
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Nature
|July 3, 2019
Resumen
La señalización del erizo es crucial para el desarrollo y la regeneración. Los investigadores aclararon la estructura de Smoothened (SMO), revelando el colesterol
Área de la Ciencia:
- La bioquímica
- Biología molecular
- Biología estructural
Sus antecedentes:
- La señalización del erizo es vital para el desarrollo embrionario y la regeneración de los tejidos.
- La señalización desregulada del erizo está implicada en cánceres como el carcinoma basocelular y el meduloblastoma.
- El mecanismo preciso de activación de Smoothened (SMO) por las proteínas de Hedgehog sigue sin estar claro.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la estructura cristalina de la proteína Smoothened (SMO) activa del ratón.
- Aclarar la base estructural de la activación de SMO por su agonista y colesterol.
- Comprender la regulación de SMO por Patched-1 (PTCH1) e informar las estrategias terapéuticas.
Principales métodos:
- Cristalografía de rayos X de SMO de ratón activo unido a SAG21k y un nanobody.
- Simulaciones de dinámica molecular.
- Estudios de las vías de señalización.
Principales resultados:
- Se determinó la estructura cristalina del SMO activo, revelando su interacción con el agonista SAG21k y un nanobody estabilizador.
- El colesterol, esencial para la activación de SMO, se une dentro de la bolsa de siete transmembranas, en contra de los modelos anteriores.
- Se propone un mecanismo en el que la inactivación de PTCH1 permite el acceso del esterol a la SMO, impulsando la activación.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio revela el mecanismo estructural de la activación de la SMO, que implica la unión del colesterol en la bolsa transmembrana.
- Esto proporciona una base estructural para la regulación de PTCH1-SMO en la señalización de Hedgehog.
- Los hallazgos ofrecen ideas para desarrollar estrategias para superar la resistencia a los inhibidores de SMO en el tratamiento del cáncer.
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