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Los fósiles de la cueva de Apidima proporcionan la evidencia más antigua del Homo sapiens en Eurasia

Katerina Harvati^1,2,3, Carolin Röding⁴, Abel M Bosman^4,5

¹Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. katerina.harvati@ifu.uni-tuebingen.de.

|July 12, 2019

Resumen

Los cráneos fósiles de Grecia revelan que los primeros Homo sapiens llegaron al sureste de Europa hace más de 210.000 años, antes que los neandertales. Esto sugiere múltiples dispersos humanos modernos tempranos fuera de África durante el Pleistoceno Medio.

Área de la Ciencia:

Paleoantropología
La evolución del hombre
Arqueología

Sus antecedentes:

Dos cráneos humanos fosilizados, Apidima 1 y Apidima 2, de la cueva de Apidima, Grecia, fueron descubiertos a fines de la década de 1970.
Su naturaleza incompleta, la distorsión tafonómica y la falta de contexto las han hecho enigmáticas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para reconstruir y analizar virtualmente el cráneo fósil de Apidima.
Para determinar las características cronológicas y morfológicas de estos restos humanos tempranos.
Para entender las primeras dispersiones humanas y la presencia en el sudeste de Europa.

Principales métodos:

La reconstrucción virtual de un cráneo fósil.
Análisis morfológico comparativo detallado.
La datación radiométrica de la serie U de los restos fósiles.

Principales resultados:

Apidima 2 data de hace más de 170.000 años con características parecidas a las de los neandertales.
Apidima 1 data de hace más de 210.000 años, exhibiendo una mezcla de rasgos humanos modernos y primitivos.
El sitio muestra evidencia de una presencia temprana de Homo sapiens seguida de una población neandertal.

Conclusiones:

Estos hallazgos indican la presencia de dos grupos humanos distintos del Pleistoceno Medio en la cueva de Apidima.
Apoya la hipótesis de múltiples dispersos humanos modernos tempranos fuera de África.
Destaca la compleja dinámica demográfica de la evolución humana en el sudeste de Europa.

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