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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

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Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
33.3K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

129.4K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
129.4K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.0K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.1K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.1K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.9K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.9K
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

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An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Flash Infrared Annealing for Perovskite Solar Cell Processing
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Celdas solares de perovskita plana con estabilidad a largo plazo utilizando aditivos líquidos iónicos

Sai Bai1,2, Peimei Da3, Cheng Li4,5

  • 1Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. sai.bai@liu.se.

Nature
|July 12, 2019
PubMed
Resumen

Los líquidos iónicos mejoran la eficiencia y la estabilidad a largo plazo de las células solares de perovskita. Estas células solares mejoradas muestran una degradación mínima del rendimiento en condiciones prolongadas y duras, allanando el camino para una tecnología fotovoltaica confiable de perovskita.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Energía renovable
  • Las instalaciones fotovoltaicas

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las células solares de perovskita halogenada son una tecnología fotovoltaica muy prometedora.
  • Si bien la estabilidad a largo plazo ha mejorado, la migración iónica sigue siendo un desafío crítico, especialmente bajo estrés operativo (calor y luz).

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Mejorar la eficiencia y la estabilidad operativa a largo plazo de las células solares de perovskita.
  • Para abordar el problema persistente de la migración de iones en las capas activas de perovskita.

Principales métodos:

  • Incorporación de líquidos iónicos en la película de perovskita.
  • Fabricación de dispositivos fotovoltaicos positivos-intrínsecos-negativos (PIN, por sus siglas en inglés).
  • Estudio de la estabilidad del dispositivo bajo luz solar simulada continua de espectro completo a temperaturas elevadas (70-75°C).

Principales resultados:

  • Los dispositivos que incorporan líquidos iónicos demostraron una mayor eficiencia.
  • Se observó una marcada mejora en la estabilidad a largo plazo del dispositivo.
  • El dispositivo encapsulado más estable mostró solo un ~ 5% de degradación del rendimiento después de 1.800 horas de operación continua en condiciones adversas.
  • La vida útil operativa estimada para la retención del 80% del rendimiento es de aproximadamente 5.200 horas.

Conclusiones:

  • La incorporación de líquido iónico es una estrategia eficaz para mejorar la eficiencia y la estabilidad de las células solares de perovskita.
  • Este enfoque mitiga significativamente los problemas de migración de iones, lo que conduce a una mayor longevidad del dispositivo.
  • La estabilidad operativa demostrada a largo plazo en condiciones intensas representa un avance clave hacia una tecnología fotovoltaica de perovskita confiable.