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Enfermedades bucales: un reto mundial para la salud pública
Marco A Peres1, Lorna M D Macpherson2, Robert J Weyant3
1Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 23, 2019
Resumen
Las enfermedades orales como la caries y la enfermedad de las encías son una epidemia mundial que afecta desproporcionadamente a las poblaciones vulnerables. Abordar estas condiciones prevenibles es crucial para la salud pública y el bienestar económico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Epidemiología
- Salud global
Sus antecedentes:
- Las enfermedades bucales representan una carga de salud global significativa, que afecta a millones de personas en todo el mundo.
- Las condiciones prevalentes incluyen caries dental, enfermedad periodontal, pérdida de dientes y cánceres bucales.
- Estas enfermedades tienen profundos efectos sobre la calidad de vida y la productividad económica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Describir el alcance global y el impacto de las enfermedades bucales.
- Examinar los determinantes sociales y comerciales que impulsan las desigualdades en la salud bucal.
- Destacar los costos económicos y las implicaciones para la salud pública de las afecciones orales no tratadas.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la prevalencia y el impacto de las enfermedades orales a nivel mundial.
- Análisis de los factores sociales, económicos y comerciales que influyen en la salud bucal.
- Evaluación de la carga económica para las personas y los sistemas de salud.
Principales resultados:
- Las enfermedades bucales son muy frecuentes, en gran medida prevenibles, pero persisten debido a las desigualdades y la falta de financiación.
- Los países de ingresos bajos y medios (PIBM) se enfrentan a desafíos particulares con respecto al acceso a la atención.
- Las enfermedades orales no tratadas provocan dolor intenso, sepsis, disminución de la calidad de vida y de la productividad.
Conclusiones:
- Las enfermedades bucales constituyen un importante problema de salud pública mundial, especialmente en los PIM.
- Las desigualdades sociales y económicas exacerban la carga de las condiciones orales.
- Es necesario dar prioridad urgente a la salud bucal dentro de la política de salud mundial, abordándola como una enfermedad no transmisible (ENT).
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