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Resolución de los niveles de energía de un oscilador nanomecánico
Patricio Arrangoiz-Arriola1,2, E Alex Wollack1,2, Zhaoyou Wang1,2
1Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Nature
|July 26, 2019
Resumen
Los científicos usaron un qubit superconductor para detectar la energía cuantizada de un oscilador nanomecánico. Esta plataforma acústica cuántica permite la medición precisa de la energía de movimiento, allanando el camino para los sensores cuánticos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La acústica cuántica
- La electromecánica cuántica
- Sistemas Cuánticos de Estado Sólido
Sus antecedentes:
- La naturaleza cuántica de los osciladores mecánicos es típicamente oscurecida por el movimiento clásico.
- La medición de la energía cuantizada de los sistemas mecánicos requiere aparatos de alta precisión.
- Los experimentos anteriores demostraron mediciones dispersivas para fotones pero no para osciladores mecánicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para demostrar la resolución de los niveles de energía cuantizada en un oscilador nanomecánico.
- Desarrollar una plataforma híbrida que integre resonadores nanomecánicos y qubits superconductores.
- Para lograr la detección sensible de la energía de movimiento utilizando un átomo artificial.
Principales métodos:
- Fabricación de un chip híbrido que combina resonadores piezoeléctricos nanomecánicos y un qubit superconductor de microondas.
- Excitación de los fonones en el resonador nanomecánico mediante pulsos de resonancia.
- Probando el espectro de excitación del qubit para observar los cambios de frecuencia dependientes del número de fonones.
Principales resultados:
- Resolvió con éxito la estructura de energía cuantizada del oscilador nanomecánico accionado.
- Los desplazamientos de frecuencia dependientes del número de fonones observados en el qubit son aproximadamente cinco veces más grandes que el ancho de línea del qubit.
- Demostró una plataforma acústica cuántica totalmente integrada con un fuerte acoplamiento y una alta coherencia.
Conclusiones:
- El experimento demostró con éxito la detección sensible de la cuantización de energía del oscilador mecánico.
- La plataforma híbrida desarrollada ofrece un enfoque prometedor para la acústica cuántica y la detección cuántica.
- Las futuras mejoras podrían permitir mediciones cuánticas de no demolición y procesamiento de información cuántica a escala de chip.
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