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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Genetic Variation01:25

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
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An object's apparent weight is its weight measured by a spring balance at its location. It is different from its true weight, the force with which the Earth pulls it, because of the Earth's rotation. Mathematically, an object's apparent weight equals its true weight minus the centripetal force that keeps it in a circular motion along with the Earth's surface every 24 hours.
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A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
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Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
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Apart from the measures of central tendency, distribution, outliers, and the changing characteristics of data with time, an important characteristic of any data set is its variation or spread. In some data sets, the data values are concentrated closely near the mean; in others, the data values are more widely spread out from the mean.
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La variación genética críptica acelera la evolución al abrir el acceso a diversos picos de adaptación

Jia Zheng1,2, Joshua L Payne2,3, Andreas Wagner4,2,5

  • 1Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 27, 2019
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La variación genética críptica permite a las poblaciones explorar diversos caminos de adaptación, lo que conduce a una mayor aptitud y resultados variados. Esta variación permite la evolución mediante la acumulación de mutaciones que desbloquean nuevas posibilidades de adaptación.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología evolutiva
  • La genética
  • Evolución molecular

Sus antecedentes:

  • La variación genética críptica puede influir en las trayectorias evolutivas.
  • Comprender cómo las variaciones crípticas afectan la adaptación es crucial.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el papel de la variación genética en la adaptación.
  • Para aclarar los mecanismos genéticos que subyacen a la evolución adaptativa.

Principales métodos:

  • Evolución dirigida de las proteínas fluorescentes amarillas en Escherichia coli.
  • Selección para una transición a la fluorescencia verde.
  • Análisis de la variación genética y la aptitud de la población.

Principales resultados:

  • Las poblaciones con variación críptica exhibieron una mayor diversidad genotípica y una mayor aptitud.
  • La variación críptica condujo a la acumulación de mutaciones neutrales o perjudiciales, lo que permitió nuevas vías de adaptación.
  • Las poblaciones sin variación críptica convergieron en genotipos similares.

Conclusiones:

  • La variación genética críptica facilita la adaptación al aumentar las vías evolutivas y reducir la previsibilidad.
  • Crea contingencia histórica, permitiendo a las poblaciones explorar diversos paisajes adaptativos.
  • Esta variación es clave para comprender los mecanismos de la innovación evolutiva.