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Desplazamiento al rojo relativista de la estrella S0-2 orbitando el agujero negro supermasivo del Centro Galáctico

Tuan Do¹, Aurelien Hees^2,3, Andrea Ghez³

¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. tdo@astro.ucla.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 27, 2019

Resumen

Los astrónomos probaron la teoría de la relatividad de Einstein observando la estrella del Centro Galáctico S0-2. El desplazamiento al rojo de la estrella confirmó las predicciones de la relatividad general, excluyendo la gravedad newtoniana.

Área de la Ciencia:

La astrofísica
Relatividad general
Física de los agujeros negros

Sus antecedentes:

La relatividad general predice el desplazamiento al rojo relativista para las estrellas cerca de los agujeros negros supermasivos.
La estrella del Centro Galáctico S0-2 orbita alrededor de Sagitario A*, un agujero negro supermasivo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para probar las predicciones de la relatividad general usando observaciones de la estrella S0-2.
Para medir el desplazamiento al rojo relativista de S0-2 durante su aproximación más cercana al agujero negro supermasivo.

Principales métodos:

Mediciones combinadas espectroscópicas y astrométricas de S0-2 desde 1995 hasta 2018.
Datos analizados que cubren 16 años de órbita de S0-2 y acercamientos al agujero negro.
El desplazamiento al rojo se cuantifica utilizando el parámetro Υ.

Principales resultados:

Detectamos una combinación de desplazamiento al rojo especial y gravitatorio.
Se ha medido el parámetro de desplazamiento al rojo Υ = 0,88 ± 0,17.
El resultado es consistente con la relatividad general (Υ = 1).

Conclusiones:

Las observaciones apoyan las predicciones de la relatividad general para las órbitas estelares cerca de los agujeros negros supermasivos.
Se excluyó un modelo newtoniano (Υ = 0) con una significación estadística de 5σ.
Este estudio proporciona una fuerte evidencia de efectos relativistas en campos gravitacionales fuertes.

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