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Naming Enantiomers02:21

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The naming of enantiomers employs the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog rules that involve assigning priorities to different substituent groups at a chiral center. Each enantiomer, being a distinct molecule, is assigned a unique name by the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) rules, also called the R–S system. The prefix R- or S- attached to the chiral centers in an enantiomer is dependent on the spatial arrangement of the four substituents on the chiral center. The R–S system...
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Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
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Oxymercuration–reduction of alkenes is one of the major reactions converting alkenes to alcohols. It involves the hydration of alkenes with mercuric acetate in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water, forming an organomercury adduct. This is followed by a demercuration step in which the adduct is reduced to an alcohol using sodium borohydride.
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Cholinergic antagonists—such as antimuscarinics—are available in oral, topical, ocular, parenteral, and inhalational formulations. Most antimuscarinics are oral formulations,  while scopolamine is available as a topical patch, and ipratropium and tiotropium are available as inhalation aerosols or powders. Atropine, tropicamide, and cyclopentolate are topically instilled in the eye. Most antimuscarinics are lipid-soluble and readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and...
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Trimetilscandio y sus derivados

Damir Barisic1, Dominic Diether1, Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer1

  • 1Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 1, 2019
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Se sintetizó y caracterizó un nuevo complejo de tetrametilaluminato de escandio. Este complejo, [Sc(AlMe4) 3 , muestra una reactividad única y sirve como precursor para los complejos metilo de escandio y la polimerización de isopreno.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química organometálica
  • Química de coordinación
  • Química de los polímeros

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los complejos de escandio con ligandos alquilo de aluminio no se comprenden bien.
  • Los ligandos de tetrametilaluminato ofrecen propiedades electrónicas y estéricas únicas.
  • El desarrollo de nuevos precursores para los catalizadores de polimerización es de gran interés.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para sintetizar y caracterizar un nuevo complejo de tetrametilaluminato de escandio homoleptico.
  • Investigar la reactividad y las vías de descomposición del nuevo complejo.
  • Explorar el potencial de los complejos de escandio y aluminio como catalizadores de polimerización.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis de [Sc(AlMe4) 3 a partir de [Li3ScMe6(thf) 1.2] y AlMe3 a bajas temperaturas.
  • Cocristalización y caracterización estructural de [Sc ((AlMe4) 3 ((Al2Me6) 0,5).
  • Estudios de descomposición mediante activación de C-H y espectroscopia de RMN (45Sc RMN).
  • Derivación con el trimetiltriaciclonano (Me3TACN) y las reacciones de metástasis de la sal.
  • Polimerización de isopreno utilizando el complejo cationizado como catalizador.

Principales resultados:

  • Se sintetizó con éxito el nuevo complejo homoleptico tetrametilaluminato [Sc ((AlMe4) 3).
  • Las vías de descomposición que involucran la activación de C-H condujeron a complejos mixtos de metilo / metilideno.
  • Se formaron y caracterizaron complejos metílicos de escandio, incluido [Me3TACN]ScMe3.
  • Se obtuvieron complejos de medio sándwich y sándwich como [Cp*Sc(AlMe4) 2 y [Cp*2Sc(AlMe4].
  • La espectroscopia de RMN de 45Sc confirmó la presencia de [ScMe3] e indicó una descubrimiento significativo.
  • El complejo cationizado catalizó la polimerización de isopreno con alto rendimiento y contenido de cis-1,4-poliisopreno.

Conclusiones:

  • La síntesis de [Sc(AlMe4) 3 expande la química conocida del organoscandio.
  • El complejo exhibe una rica reactividad, incluida la activación C-H y el intercambio de ligandos.
  • Los complejos de escandio y aluminio son prometedores como catalizadores para la polimerización estereoselectiva del isopreno.