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Hidrogenación catalítica homogénea de CO a metanol por medio de la formamida

Sayan Kar¹, Alain Goeppert¹, G K Surya Prakash¹

¹Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , University Park, Los Angeles , California 90089-1661 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|August 6, 2019

Resumen

Este estudio introduce un nuevo método a baja temperatura para convertir el monóxido de carbono (CO) en metanol utilizando un catalizador de aminas y un complejo de pinzas de rutenio. Este proceso de hidrogenación homogéneo ofrece un alto rendimiento y selectividad a 145 °C.

Área de la Ciencia:

Catálisis
Química ecológica
Síntesis orgánica

Sus antecedentes:

Los métodos tradicionales para la hidrogenación del monóxido de carbono (CO) al metanol a menudo requieren altas temperaturas y catalizadores heterogéneos.
El desarrollo de sistemas catalíticos eficientes y homogéneos a baja temperatura es crucial para la producción química sostenible.

Objetivo del estudio:

Presentar una nueva vía de hidrogenación homogénea asistida por aminas para convertir el CO directamente en metanol a bajas temperaturas.
Investigar el mecanismo de reacción que involucra a los intermediarios de formamida e identificar las condiciones catalíticas óptimas.

Principales métodos:

El proceso implica una reacción en dos pasos: carbonilación de aminas catalizada por K3PO4, seguida de hidrogenación in situ de los intermediarios de formamida.
Se empleó un complejo de pinzas de rutenio comercialmente disponible (Ru-Macho-BH) como catalizador de hidrogenación.
Las reacciones se llevaron a cabo en condiciones optimizadas con CO (hasta 10 bar) e H2 (70 bar) en presencia de dietilenetriamina.

Principales resultados:

Se logró un alto rendimiento y selectividad para la producción de metanol a una baja temperatura de 145 °C.
Se registró un número máximo de facturación (TON) de 539 utilizando el catalizador Ru-Macho-BH.
La reacción se lleva a cabo de manera eficiente a través de los intermediarios de formamida.

Conclusiones:

La hidrogenación homogénea asistida por aminas descrita ofrece una alternativa prometedora y energéticamente eficiente a la catálisis heterogénea tradicional a alta temperatura para la síntesis de metanol.
Este método demuestra un alto rendimiento en términos de rendimiento, selectividad y eficiencia del catalizador (TON).

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