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Aumento del corte en la corriente en chorro de nivel superior del Atlántico Norte en las últimas cuatro décadas
Simon H Lee1, Paul D Williams2, Thomas H A Frame1
1Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
Nature
|August 9, 2019
Resumen
El cambio climático está aumentando la cizalladura vertical del viento en la corriente en chorro del Atlántico Norte, no su velocidad. Este corte mejorado puede intensificar la turbulencia de aire claro, impactando los vuelos transatlánticos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias atmosféricas
- Ciencias del clima
- Meteorología
Sus antecedentes:
- El gradiente de temperatura de ecuador a polo impulsa las corrientes de chorro a través del equilibrio del viento térmico.
- El cambio climático impacta los gradientes de temperatura atmosférica superior e inferior de manera diferente, creando efectos competitivos en la velocidad de la corriente en chorro.
- Los estudios anteriores se centraron en la velocidad de la corriente en chorro, lo que podría oscurecer otros impactos del cambio climático.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los cambios en el corte vertical del viento de la corriente polar del Atlántico Norte.
- Para determinar si el cambio climático está afectando la dinámica de la corriente de chorro más allá de la velocidad del viento.
- Evaluar las implicaciones de las características alteradas del flujo de chorro en la aviación.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la velocidad zonal del viento y el corte vertical en la corriente en chorro del Atlántico Norte a 250 hectopascals.
- Se utilizaron tres conjuntos de datos de reanálisis atmosféricos diferentes que cubren la era de los satélites (desde 1979).
- Examinó la relación entre los gradientes de temperatura y las tendencias de corte de viento.
Principales resultados:
- La velocidad zonal del viento en la corriente en chorro del Atlántico Norte se ha mantenido estable desde 1979.
- El cizallamiento vertical del viento ha aumentado en un 15% (rango de 11-17%) durante el mismo período.
- Este aumento en el corte está relacionado con la respuesta del viento térmico a un gradiente de temperatura meridional de nivel superior mejorado.
Conclusiones:
- El impacto del cambio climático en la corriente en chorro del Atlántico Norte puede subestimarse centrándose únicamente en la velocidad del viento.
- El aumento del corte vertical es consistente con la intensificación proyectada de la turbulencia de aire despejado.
- El aumento de la turbulencia plantea riesgos para la aviación, especialmente en el corredor de vuelos transatlántico.
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