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Los forrajeros de la Edad de Piedra Media residían en las altas elevaciones de las montañas de Bale glaciadas,
Götz Ossendorf1, Alexander R Groos2, Tobias Bromm3
1Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. gossend1@uni-koeln.de alexander.groos@giub.unibe.ch bruno.glaser@landw.uni-halle.de.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 10, 2019
Resumen
El primer asentamiento prehistórico de gran altitud, el refugio rocoso de Fincha Habera en África, fue ocupado hace 47-31 mil años. La explotación de roedores endémicos fue clave para los cazadores-recolectores del Pleistoceno tardío en este frío entorno alpino.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Paleoantropología
- Arqueología
- La adaptación humana
Sus antecedentes:
- La comprensión de los primeros asentamientos humanos persistentes en entornos alpinos de gran altitud es crucial para conocer las posibilidades de adaptación humana.
- Si bien existen pruebas de la presencia humana del Pleistoceno Tardío y Medio en la meseta tibetana, los primeros contextos de asentamiento en altitudes altas siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidos.
- Este estudio se centra en el ecosistema alpino más grande de África para investigar el hábitat prehistórico de gran altitud.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para reportar la evidencia más antigua de un sitio residencial prehistórico de gran altitud.
- Investigar la naturaleza y el contexto de los primeros asentamientos humanos persistentes en entornos alpinos.
- Comprender las posibilidades de adaptación humana en entornos difíciles.
Principales métodos:
- Excavación arqueológica del refugio de Fincha Habera.
- La datación por radiocarbono para establecer los períodos de ocupación.
- Análisis de restos faunísticos para identificar fuentes de alimento.
Principales resultados:
- La evidencia más antigua de un sitio residencial prehistórico de gran altitud encontrado en África.
- Ocupación repetida de Fincha Habera refugio rocoso fechado hace 47.000 a 31.000 años.
- La explotación de roedores endémicos como fuente de alimento clave facilitó el asentamiento.
Conclusiones:
- Fincha Habera representa el sitio residencial prehistórico de gran altitud más antiguo conocido.
- La explotación de roedores endémicos fue crucial para la adaptación de los cazadores-recolectores del Pleistoceno Tardío a entornos fríos y glaciados.
- Este hallazgo proporciona información sobre el potencial de adaptación fisiológica, genética y cultural humana en los ecosistemas alpinos.
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