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Sorbentes récord para la absorción reversible de agua mediante intercambios aniónicos sistemáticos en estructuras
Adam J Rieth1, Ashley M Wright1, Grigorii Skorupskii1
1Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 10, 2019
Resumen
Los investigadores modificaron las estructuras metálicas orgánicas para controlar la absorción de vapor de agua a baja humedad. La introducción de aniones de bromuro cambió el llenado de poros a una humedad más baja, lo que permitió nuevas aplicaciones en la recolección y enfriamiento de agua.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de los materiales
- Química
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
Sus antecedentes:
- La captura reversible de vapor de agua a baja humedad es clave para la recolección de agua atmosférica y las tecnologías de refrigeración sostenibles.
- Los métodos actuales se enfrentan a limitaciones de eficiencia e impacto ambiental debido a los hidrocarburos y los clorofluorocarburos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Modular el inicio del llenado de poros en estructuras orgánicas metálicas (MOF) para mejorar la absorción de vapor de agua.
- Investigar el impacto del intercambio aniónico en las propiedades de adsorción de agua de los MOF.
Principales métodos:
- El intercambio aniónico se utilizó para reemplazar los iones cloruro en los MOF con fluoruro, hidróxido y bromuro.
- Se empleó espectroscopia infrarroja para analizar las estructuras de enlace de hidrógeno del agua.
- Se realizaron ciclos de adsorción-desorción de agua para evaluar la estabilidad del material.
Principales resultados:
- La sustitución del cloruro por fluoruro o hidróxido no redujo la humedad relativa para el llenado de poros.
- La introducción de bromuro desplazó significativamente el llenado de poros a una humedad relativa más baja.
- Dos materiales MOF demostraron capacidades récord de absorción de agua y estabilidad durante 400 ciclos.
Conclusiones:
- El diámetro del poro y las interacciones de la interfaz con la pared del agua son críticas para el llenado de poros de agua, más que la hidrofilicidad de la pared del poro.
- El intercambio de aniones ofrece una estrategia viable para ajustar las propiedades de MOF para aplicaciones específicas de captura de vapor de agua.
- Los MOF desarrollados son prometedores para una recolección y refrigeración de agua atmosférica eficiente y estable.
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