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Los hemofílicos con anticuerpos contra el VIH están activamente infectados

J B Jackson¹, K J Sannerud, J S Hopsicker

¹Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.

|October 21, 1988

Resumen

Los hemofílicos positivos para los anticuerpos del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1 (VIH-1) muestran infección activa, no inmunización. Este estudio confirma la infección activa por VIH-1 en hemofílicos positivos para anticuerpos, descartando la infección latente prolongada.

Área de la Ciencia:

Virología Virología.
Inmunología Inmunología.
Hematología Hematología.

Sus antecedentes:

Los hemofílicos están en riesgo de infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1 (VIH-1) a través de concentrados de factores contaminados.
Determinar la infección activa frente a la inmunización es crucial para comprender la patogénesis del VIH-1 en esta población.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para determinar si los hemofílicos positivos para anticuerpos del VIH-1 están infectados activamente o simplemente inmunizados por proteínas virales.
Investigar la correlación entre los marcadores de infección por VIH-1, los síntomas y el estado del paciente.

Principales métodos:

Culturas de células mononucleares de sangre periférica para el VIH-1.
Pruebas de antígeno p24. ensayos de antígeno p24.
Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para el ADN proviral del VIH-1.
Pruebas de Western blot para la detección de anticuerpos.

Principales resultados:

El 75% de los hemofílicos (56/75) eran VIH-1 anticuerpo positivo; el 98% (55/56) tenía cultivos positivos.
Un individuo anticuerpo positivo y cultivo negativo tenía ADN VIH-1 detectable a través de PCR.
Los pacientes sintomáticos mostraron una detección más frecuente del antígeno p24 y un tiempo más corto para cultivos positivos.
No se encontraron marcadores del VIH-1 en hemofílicos anticuerpos negativos o en sus parejas sexuales.

Conclusiones:

Los hemofílicos con anticuerpos positivos demuestran una infección activa por el VIH-1.
Una fase prolongada de infección latente por VIH-1 antes de la seroconversión parece poco probable en esta cohorte.

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