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El catabolismo de los BCAA en la grasa marrón controla la homeostasis energética a través de SLC25A44
Takeshi Yoneshiro1,2,3, Qiang Wang1,2,3, Kazuki Tajima1,2,3
1UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Nature
|August 23, 2019
Resumen
El tejido adiposo marrón (BAT) utiliza aminoácidos de cadena ramificada (BCAA) para la termogénesis, eliminándolos de la circulación. Defectos de las MTD
Área de la Ciencia:
- Regulación del metabolismo
- Biología del tejido adiposo
- Metabolismo de los nutrientes
Sus antecedentes:
- La suplementación de aminoácidos de cadena ramificada (BCAA) puede ayudar al gasto de energía, sin embargo, los niveles altos de BCAA se correlacionan con la obesidad y la diabetes.
- La relación paradójica entre los BCAA y la salud metabólica requiere una aclaración mecanicista.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel del tejido adiposo marrón (TAB) en el metabolismo y el aclaramiento sistémico de BCAA.
- Identificar los mecanismos moleculares mediante los cuales la MTD regula el catabolismo de los BCAA.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron modelos de ratón con defectos específicos de las MTD en el catabolismo de los BCAA.
- Utilización de BCAA, oxidación del combustible y termogénesis analizadas en las MTD durante la exposición al frío.
- Investigó la función del transportador mitocondrial SLC25A44 en el transporte de BCAA.
Principales resultados:
- La exposición al frío estimula la MTD para utilizar BCAA para la termogénesis y el aclaramiento sistémico de BCAA en ratones y humanos.
- La alteración del catabolismo de los BCAA en las MTD conduce a una reducción del aclaramiento de los BCAA, a una alteración de la función de las MTD y a una disfunción metabólica (obesidad, intolerancia a la glucosa).
- SLC25A44 se identifica como el transportador clave que media la entrada de BCAA en las mitocondrias BAT para el catabolismo.
Conclusiones:
- El tejido adiposo marrón actúa como un filtro metabólico crítico que controla los niveles sistémicos de BCAA.
- La orientación de la vía catabólica de los BCAA a través del SLC25A44 puede ofrecer estrategias terapéuticas para los trastornos metabólicos.
- La comprensión de las interacciones entre las MTD y los AACC es crucial para mejorar la salud metabólica y combatir la obesidad y la diabetes.
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