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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

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Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

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An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
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Digital Microfluidics for Automated Proteomic Processing
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Electrodehumidificación mediada por agentes tensioactivos iónicos para microfluidos digitales

Jia Li1, Noel S Ha2,3, Tingyi 'Leo' Liu1,4,5

  • 1Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Nature
|August 23, 2019
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Este estudio introduce el electrodegestión, un nuevo método para la microfluidez digital que utiliza bajos voltajes para mover las gotas de líquido haciendo que se humedezcan de una superficie, a diferencia del electrodegestión tradicional. Esto ofrece una plataforma microfluídica más simple y confiable.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Microfluidos
  • Ciencias de la superficie
  • Ciencias de los materiales

Sus antecedentes:

  • La microfluidez digital permite la manipulación de gotas a través de señales eléctricas para diversas aplicaciones.
  • El método de accionamiento primario es el electrowet-on-dielectric (EWOD), que requiere altos voltajes (aprox. 100 V) y revestimientos especializados.
  • EWOD se enfrenta a problemas de confiabilidad como el fallo dieléctrico, la carga eléctrica y la contaminación biológica.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para demostrar un nuevo mecanismo de manipulación de gotas utilizando señales eléctricas.
  • Para lograr el control de gotas sin depender del electrohidratación en dieléctrico (EWOD).
  • Establecer una plataforma microfluídica más simple y confiable.

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrolló un mecanismo de electrodegestión que utiliza un sustrato conductor hidrófilo sin capas adicionales.
  • Se emplean señales eléctricas para inducir la deshidratación de líquidos, en contraste con la electrohidratación.
  • Investigó la fijación y el desprendimiento inducidos por el campo de los tensioactivos iónicos al sustrato.

Principales resultados:

  • Se ha demostrado con éxito la manipulación de gotas mediante electrodemulsión en obleas de silicio dopadas en el aire.
  • Lograr todas las operaciones microfluidas digitales básicas con bajos voltajes de conducción (±2,5 V) y corriente mínima (microamperios).
  • Demostró la capacidad del sistema para manejar agua, amortiguadores comunes y disolventes orgánicos con bajas concentraciones de tensioactivo iónico.

Conclusiones:

  • El electrodegestión ofrece un enfoque fundamentalmente diferente y potencialmente más robusto para la manipulación de gotas eléctricas.
  • El bajo voltaje y la configuración simple prometen una plataforma microfluídica versátil y confiable.
  • Este método podría avanzar significativamente en las aplicaciones de diagnóstico, óptica y electrónica.