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La médula ósea protege y optimiza la memoria inmunológica durante la restricción dietética
Nicholas Collins1, Seong-Ji Han1, Michel Enamorado1
1Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Cell
|August 24, 2019
Resumen
La restricción dietética hace que las células T de memoria se trasladen a la médula ósea, conservando energía. Esta adaptación del sistema inmunológico mejora la protección contra infecciones y tumores durante el estrés nutricional.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología
- Inmunología nutricional
- Biología celular
Sus antecedentes:
- Los sistemas inmunológicos de los mamíferos se enfrentan a la disponibilidad fluctuante de alimentos.
- La adaptación del sistema inmunológico al estrés nutricional transitorio es poco conocida.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo las células T de memoria se adaptan a la restricción dietética.
- Para entender el papel de la médula ósea en la memoria inmune durante el estrés nutricional.
Principales métodos:
- Estudió la dinámica de las células T de memoria en órganos linfoides secundarios y médula ósea bajo restricción dietética.
- Se analizó el papel de los glucocorticoides, los adipocitos y las interacciones moleculares específicas (CXCR4-CXCL12, S1P-S1P1R) en la localización de las células T.
- Se evaluó el impacto de la acumulación de células T de la médula ósea en la protección contra infecciones y tumores.
Principales resultados:
- Las células T de memoria disminuyeron en los órganos linfoides secundarios pero se acumularon en la médula ósea durante la restricción dietética.
- Las células T de la médula ósea adoptaron un estado de conservación de energía.
- La restricción dietética indujo la remodelación de la médula ósea, incluido el aumento de los factores de homing de las células T, la eritropoyesis y la adipogénesis.
- Los adipocitos y las interacciones moleculares específicas facilitaron la acumulación de células T en la médula ósea.
- Las células T de memoria de la médula ósea proporcionaron una mayor protección contra infecciones y tumores.
Conclusiones:
- El sistema inmunológico reorganiza las células T de memoria en "refugios seguros" de la médula ósea durante los desafíos nutricionales.
- Esta reorganización espacial mantiene la memoria inmunológica y mejora la defensa del huésped bajo restricción dietética.
- Los glucocorticoides juegan un papel clave en la coordinación de esta respuesta inmune adaptativa.
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