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Osmolality refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality specifically indicates the total number of solute particles per kilogram of water in blood plasma. This value reflects the body's hydration status and is tightly regulated through mechanisms controlling water intake and output. While water consumption is a conscious decision, the body has intrinsic regulatory systems to maintain fluid balance. Dehydration, a state of water deficit...
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In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used...
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La ingesta dietética regula el grupo de monocitos inflamatorios circulantes

Stefan Jordan1, Navpreet Tung1, Maria Casanova-Acebes1

  • 1Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Cell
|August 24, 2019
PubMed
Resumen

El ayuno a corto plazo reduce la actividad y el número de monocitos, mejorando las enfermedades inflamatorias. Este efecto está mediado por sensores de energía hepática, que afectan el tono inmune sin obstaculizar las respuestas de emergencia.

Palabras clave:
AMPK y sus derivadosEn el caso de las personas físicas:Restricción calóricaEl PPARαel ayunoinflamaciónenfermedad inflamatoriael hígadoel metabolismoel monocito

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Inmunología
  • El metabolismo
  • Ciencias de la nutrición

Sus antecedentes:

  • La restricción calórica es reconocida por sus beneficios en el manejo de enfermedades inflamatorias y autoinmunes.
  • Los mecanismos precisos que vinculan la ingesta calórica reducida con la modulación de la inflamación siguen sin estar claros.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para aclarar cómo el ayuno a corto plazo impacta la actividad y el número de monocitos.
  • Identificar las vías moleculares y los factores dietéticos que rigen estos cambios.
  • Evaluar las implicaciones para las enfermedades inflamatorias crónicas y las respuestas inmunes.

Principales métodos:

  • Investigó los efectos del ayuno a corto plazo en la actividad metabólica e inflamatoria de los monocitos en un modelo preclínico.
  • Analizó el papel de los niveles de glucosa y proteína en la regulación del recuento de monocitos periféricos.
  • Se examinó la participación de la proteína quinasa activada por 5'-AMP (AMPK) en los hepatocitos y el receptor alfa del activador del proliferador del peroxisoma (PPARα) en la movilización de monocitos.

Principales resultados:

  • El ayuno a corto plazo redujo significativamente el número de monocitos circulantes y su actividad inflamatoria.
  • La regulación de los monocitos dependía de la glucosa y las proteínas de la dieta.
  • La activación de AMPK en los hepatocitos y la supresión mediada por PPARα de CCL2 redujeron la movilización de monocitos de la médula ósea.

Conclusiones:

  • La ingesta de calorías y los sensores de energía del hígado influyen críticamente en el tono inmune.
  • El ayuno mejora las enfermedades inflamatorias crónicas al modular la actividad y el número de monocitos.
  • Esta modulación no afecta las funciones esenciales de los monocitos durante las infecciones agudas o la reparación de los tejidos.