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Asociación entre el logro educativo y las causas de muerte entre adultos blancos y negros de los Estados Unidos,
Isaac Sasson1, Mark D Hayward2
1Department of Sociology and Anthropology and the Herczeg Institute on Aging, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
JAMA
|August 28, 2019
Resumen
El nivel educativo tiene un impacto significativo en la esperanza de vida de los adultos estadounidenses. De 2010 a 2017, la esperanza de vida disminuyó para aquellos sin un título universitario, en gran parte debido a las muertes por consumo de drogas, mientras que aumentó para los graduados universitarios.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Epidemiología
- Sociología
Sus antecedentes:
- Existen disparidades sustanciales y crecientes en la esperanza de vida de los adultos estadounidenses.
- Comprender la contribución de causas específicas de muerte a estas disparidades es crucial para reducir las desigualdades sociales en la mortalidad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Estimar la relación entre las causas específicas de muerte y las diferencias educativas en la esperanza de vida de los adultos estadounidenses entre 2010 y 2017.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio transversal en serie analizó 4.690.729 muertes del Sistema Nacional de Estadísticas Vitales de los Estados Unidos en 2010 y 2017.
- La esperanza de vida a los 25 años y los años de vida perdidos (YLL) entre los 25 y los 84 años se calcularon por causa de muerte, estratificados por sexo, raza / etnia y nivel educativo.
Principales resultados:
- La esperanza de vida general a los 25 años disminuyó ligeramente entre 2010 y 2017.
- Se observaron disminuciones significativas en la esperanza de vida para las personas con un título de escuela secundaria o menos, y para aquellos con algún título universitario pero sin un título de 4 años.
- Por el contrario, la esperanza de vida aumentó para las personas con educación universitaria, ampliando la brecha entre los grupos de logros educativos.
- El aumento del YLL debido al consumo de drogas afectó desproporcionadamente a las personas con un nivel educativo más bajo.
Conclusiones:
- La esperanza de vida a los 25 años disminuyó en general entre 2010 y 2017, con mayores disminuciones entre los que no tienen un título universitario de 4 años.
- Las crecientes disparidades educativas en la esperanza de vida están significativamente relacionadas con las muertes atribuidas al consumo de drogas.
- Abordar el consumo de drogas es fundamental para mitigar las desigualdades educativas en la mortalidad.
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