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Efecto de la suplementación de alta dosis de vitamina D en la densidad ósea volumétrica y la fuerza ósea: un ensayo
Lauren A Burt1, Emma O Billington1, Marianne S Rose2
1McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
JAMA
|August 28, 2019
Resumen
La suplementación con dosis altas de vitamina D (4000 UI o 10.000 UI diarias) no mejoró la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) o la fuerza ósea en adultos sanos durante tres años. Las dosis más altas se asociaron con una disminución de la DMO radial y tibial en comparación con una dosis diaria de 400 UI.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Endocrinología
- Metabolismo óseo
- Ciencias de la nutrición
Sus antecedentes:
- Pocos estudios han examinado los efectos a largo plazo de las dosis de vitamina D que alcanzan o superan el nivel máximo de ingesta tolerable.
- Aproximadamente el 3% de los adultos estadounidenses informan ingestas diarias de vitamina D de 4000 UI o más.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el efecto dependiente de la dosis de la suplementación con vitamina D sobre la densidad mineral ósea volumétrica (DMO) y la resistencia ósea.
Principales métodos:
- Un ensayo clínico aleatorizado doble ciego de tres años en el que participaron 311 adultos sanos de entre 55 y 70 años.
- Los participantes recibieron dosis diarias de vitamina D3 de 400 UI, 4000 UI o 10.000 UI.
- La densidad mineral ósea y la fuerza se evaluaron mediante tomografía computarizada cuantitativa periférica de alta resolución y análisis de elementos finitos.
Principales resultados:
- Las dosis más altas de vitamina D (4000 UI y 10 000 UI) dieron como resultado una DMO radial volumétrica estadísticamente más baja en comparación con el grupo de 400 UI.
- La DMO volumétrica tibial fue significativamente menor con la dosis de 10.000 UI en comparación con la dosis de 400 UI.
- No se observaron diferencias significativas en la resistencia ósea (carga de falla) en el radio o la tibia entre los grupos.
Conclusiones:
- La suplementación con vitamina D a 4000 UI o 10.000 UI al día durante tres años no demostró beneficios para la salud ósea en adultos sanos.
- Los hallazgos sugieren que las dosis altas de vitamina D pueden no ser beneficiosas y requieren una investigación adicional para detectar posibles daños.
- Estos resultados no apoyan el uso rutinario de dosis altas de vitamina D para mejorar la salud ósea en esta población.
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