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La manipulación de la información y las decisiones antidemocráticas
Alexander J Stewart1, Mohsen Mosleh2, Marina Diakonova3
1Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA. astewar6@central.uh.edu.
Nature
|September 6, 2019
Resumen
La estructura de la red puede distorsionar las decisiones colectivas a través de "la manipulación de la información". Los fanáticos colocados estratégicamente y el diseño de la red pueden sesgar los resultados de la votación, incluso en grupos grandes, lo que dificulta el consenso.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias sociales
- Ciencia de las redes
- Ciencias sociales computacionales
Sus antecedentes:
- La toma de decisiones colectivas se basa en la integración de información de diversas fuentes.
- El flujo de información a menudo está limitado por las redes sociales y es susceptible a la manipulación por bots o fanáticos.
- Comprender cómo las estructuras de red influyen en los resultados colectivos es crucial para los procesos democráticos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Modelar y analizar el fenómeno de la manipulación de la información en la toma de decisiones colectivas.
- Investigar cómo la topología de la red y la colocación estratégica de agentes influyentes pueden sesgar los resultados de la votación.
- Identificar y cuantificar el gerrymandering de información tanto en las redes sociales experimentales como en el mundo real.
Principales métodos:
- Desarrollo de un modelo de juego de votantes con jugadores en una red de influencia.
- Análisis matemático para descubrir los principios de la manipulación de la información.
- Experimentos de redes sociales con 2.520 sujetos humanos para validar las predicciones teóricas.
- Análisis de las redes del mundo real, incluidos los debates políticos en línea y los datos legislativos.
Principales resultados:
- La manipulación de la información, impulsada por la estructura de la red, puede influir en las decisiones colectivas incluso con el mismo tamaño e influencia de los partidos.
- Los fanáticos colocados estratégicamente pueden inducir manipulación de información y resultados sesgados.
- Los datos experimentales confirmaron los efectos previstos de la manipulación de la información.
- La manipulación de la información se identificó en las discusiones políticas en línea y en los datos legislativos históricos.
Conclusiones:
- La estructura de las redes de influencia puede distorsionar sistemáticamente la toma de decisiones colectivas.
- La manipulación de la información representa una vulnerabilidad en la inteligencia colectiva, que puede ser explotada por actores estratégicos.
- La manipulación generalizada de la información puede conducir a un estancamiento del grupo y evitar el consenso, lo que plantea un dilema social.
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