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Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
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Ultra-High-Speed Western Blot using Immunoreaction Enhancing Technology05:59

Ultra-High-Speed Western Blot using Immunoreaction Enhancing Technology

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An ultra-high-speed western blotting technique is developed by improving the kinetics of antigen-antibody binding through cyclic draining and replenishing (CDR) technology in conjunction with an immunoreaction enhancing...
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Cyclic Voltammetry (CV)08:37

Cyclic Voltammetry (CV)

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Source: Laboratory of Dr. Kayla Green — Texas Christian University
A Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) experiment involves the scan of a range of potential voltages while measuring current. In the CV experiment, the potential of an immersed, stationary electrode is scanned from a predetermined starting potential to a final value (called the switching potential) and then the reverse scan is obtained. This gives a 'cyclic' sweep of potentials and the current vs. potential curve derived from...
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

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In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
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Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Ultra-High-Speed Western Blot using Immunoreaction Enhancing Technology
05:59

Ultra-High-Speed Western Blot using Immunoreaction Enhancing Technology

Published on: September 26, 2020

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SLC19A1 transporta dinucleótidos cíclicos inmunoreactivos

Rutger D Luteijn1, Shivam A Zaver2, Benjamin G Gowen3,4

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Nature
|September 13, 2019
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores identificaron el portador de folato reducido SLC19A1 como el transportador principal de los dinucleótidos cíclicos (CDN) en las células. Este descubrimiento tiene un impacto en la comprensión de las respuestas inmunes, la inmunoterapia contra el cáncer y las enfermedades inflamatorias.

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Electron Transport Chain, Ubiquinone and Cytochrome C
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Electron Transport Chain, Ubiquinone and Cytochrome C

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Electron Transport Chain, Ubiquinone and Cytochrome C
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Inmunología
  • Biología molecular
  • Biología celular

Sus antecedentes:

  • La acumulación de ADN citosólico señala la infección, el cáncer y el daño al ADN, activando la vía cGAS-STING.
  • La activación de cGAS por el ADN sintetiza el monofosfato cíclico de guanosina-adenosina (2'3'-cGAMP), un segundo mensajero.
  • 2'3'-cGAMP activa STING, lo que lleva a la activación de IRF3 y NF-κB y a la producción de interferón de tipo I.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Identificar el mecanismo por el cual los dinucleótidos cíclicos (CDN) atraviesan la membrana celular.
  • Comprender el transporte de CDN exógenos cruciales para la activación de la vía STING en las células objetivo.

Principales métodos:

  • Pantalla de interferencia CRISPR en todo el genoma para identificar transportadores de CDN.
  • Agotamiento y sobreexpresión de transportadores candidatos en células humanas.
  • Evaluación de la captación de CDN y respuestas funcionales en varios tipos de células.

Principales resultados:

  • El portador de folato reducido SLC19A1 fue identificado como el principal transportador de CDN.
  • El agotamiento de SLC19A1 inhibió la captación de CDN y las respuestas funcionales.
  • La sobreexpresión de SLC19A1 aumentó la absorción y las respuestas de la CDN.
  • El folato, la sulfasalazina y el metotrexato inhiben la absorción de CDN en las células humanas.

Conclusiones:

  • SLC19A1 es el transportador principal responsable de la captación celular de las CDN.
  • Este hallazgo tiene implicaciones significativas para la inmunoterapia del cáncer, la respuesta del huésped a los patógenos y las enfermedades inflamatorias.