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There are three types of cytoskeletal structures in eukaryotic cells—microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the thickest of these fibers. Microtubules carry out a variety of functions that include cell structure and support, transport of organelles, cell motility (movement), and the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
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Microtubules01:18

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Microtubules are the thickest cytoskeletal filaments with a diameter of 25 nm. In prokaryotic organisms, microtubules are commonly found in locomotory appendages like cilia and flagella. In eukaryotic cells, microtubules form specialized extensions for moving fluid over the surface, like those found in cells lining the intestine.
Microtubules have two structurally similar globular protein subunits: α and β tubulins. In the cytosol, the α and β tubulins form a heterodimer....
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Quantitative Microtubule Fractionation Technique to Separate Stable Microtubules, Labile Microtubules, and Free Tubulin in Mouse Tissues07:21

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Microtubules, which are tubulin polymers, play a crucial role as a cytoskeleton component in eukaryotic cells and are known for their dynamic instability. This study developed a method for fractionating microtubules to separate them into stable microtubules, labile microtubules, and free tubulin to evaluate the stability of microtubules in various mouse...
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Preparation of Segmented Microtubules to Study Motions Driven by the Disassembling Microtubule Ends12:20

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Microtubules are inherently unstable polymers, and their switching between growth and shortening is stochastic and difficult to control. Here we describe protocols using segmented microtubules with photoablatable stabilizing caps. Depolymerization of segmented microtubules can be triggered with high temporal and spatial resolution, thereby assisting analysis of motions with the disassembling microtubule...
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Self-Assembly of Microtubule Tactoids08:49

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This article presents a protocol for the formation of microtubule assemblies in the shape of tactoids using MAP65, a plant-based microtubule crosslinker, and PEG as a crowding...
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Here, we describe a protocol to extract endogenous tubulin from mammalian cells, which can lack or contain specific microtubule-modifying enzymes, to obtain microtubules enriched for a specific modification. We then describe how the extracted microtubules can be decorated with purified microtubule-binding proteins to prepare grids for cryo-electron...
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Microtubules and Cell Motility
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Microtubules and Cell Motility

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Una conexión entre microtúbulos y mielinización

Antonina Roll-Mecak1

  • 1Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Cell
|September 17, 2019
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores identificaron un regulador clave del crecimiento de los microtúbulos en los oligodendrocitos. Esta proteína promueve la extensión de microtúbulos desde los puestos avanzados de Golgi, controlando el alargamiento de la vaina de mielina y la mielinización del sistema nervioso central.

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Preparation of Segmented Microtubules to Study Motions Driven by the Disassembling Microtubule Ends
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Preparation of Segmented Microtubules to Study Motions Driven by the Disassembling Microtubule Ends
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • Biología celular
  • Biología molecular

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los microtúbulos son esenciales para la extensión del proceso de los oligodendrocitos y la deposición de mielina.
  • Los mecanismos precisos de la biogénesis de microtúbulos en los oligodendrocitos siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Identificar nuevos reguladores de la dinámica de los microtúbulos en los oligodendrocitos.
  • Aclarar el papel de estos reguladores en la formación de la vaina de mielina y la mielinización del SNC.

Principales métodos:

  • Cultivo y manipulación de oligodendrocitos.
  • Las imágenes de la dinámica de microtúbulos.
  • Análisis de la formación de la vaina de mielina in vivo e in vitro.

Principales resultados:

  • Identificación de un regulador de microtúbulos enriquecido con oligodendrocitos.
  • Demostración de que este regulador promueve el crecimiento de microtúbulos de los puestos de avanzada de Golgi.
  • Pruebas que relacionan el regulador con el control sobre el alargamiento de la vaina de mielina.

Conclusiones:

  • El regulador identificado es crucial para la organización de microtúbulos en los oligodendrocitos.
  • Esta proteína juega un papel importante en la vinculación de la citoarquitectura de los microtúbulos con la mielinización del SNC.