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La rápida expansión de las placas de hielo de baja permeabilidad de Groenlandia
M MacFerrin1, H Machguth2,3, D van As4
1Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. michael.macferrin@colorado.edu.
Nature
|September 20, 2019
Resumen
Groenlandia
Área de la Ciencia:
- Glaciología
- Ciencias del clima
- Hidrología
Sus antecedentes:
- La escorrentía del agua de deshielo es el principal impulsor de la pérdida de masa en la capa de hielo de Groenlandia.
- La nieve y el abeto porosos en el interior de Groenlandia pueden absorber el agua de deshielo, pero el congelamiento puede limitar este efecto amortiguador.
- El impacto de la nueva congelación en la escorrentía de Groenlandia no se ha cuantificado en gran medida.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la influencia del congelamiento en la escorrentía del agua de deshielo de la capa de hielo de Groenlandia.
- Para cuantificar la formación y expansión de losas de hielo debido al aumento del agua de deshielo.
- Proyectar la contribución futura de las placas de hielo al aumento global del nivel del mar.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de núcleos y observaciones por radar.
- Utilizando modelos climáticos regionales.
- Cuantificación de los cambios en el área de escurrimiento y las aportaciones de agua de deshielo.
Principales resultados:
- El aumento del agua de deshielo ha llevado a la formación de placas de hielo gruesas y de baja permeabilidad.
- El área total de escurrimiento de la capa de hielo de Groenlandia se ha expandido en un 26 ± 3% desde 2001.
- Se prevé que las placas de hielo aumenten significativamente la contribución de Groenlandia al aumento del nivel del mar para el año 2100.
Conclusiones:
- La formación de losas de hielo es un factor crítico, no cuantificado previamente en la hidrología de Groenlandia.
- El calentamiento del clima impulsará la expansión de las placas de hielo hacia el interior.
- Las placas de hielo mejorarán sustancialmente los procesos de retroalimentación del agua de deshielo, alterando el comportamiento de la capa de hielo y acelerando el aumento del nivel del mar.
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