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Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

Overview of Hematopoiesis

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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...
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Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Fetal Circulation01:14

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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
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Development of Blood Vessels01:07

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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
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Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

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Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
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Mouse Fetal Liver Culture System to Dissect Target Gene Functions at the Early and Late Stages of Terminal Erythropoiesis
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Decodificación de la hematopoyesis del hígado fetal humano

Dorin-Mirel Popescu1, Rachel A Botting1, Emily Stephenson1

  • 1Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Nature
|October 11, 2019
PubMed
Resumen

Este estudio mapea el desarrollo de células sanguíneas fetales humanas utilizando perfiles de una sola célula. Revela nuevos conocimientos sobre la diferenciación del tallo hematopoyético y el progenitor multipotente (HSC/MPP) y las influencias del microambiente tisular.

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Identification and Analysis of Mouse Erythroid Progenitors using the CD71/TER119 Flow-cytometric Assay
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología del desarrollo
  • Hematología
  • Inmunología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La hematopoyesis definitiva en el hígado fetal es crucial para la generación de sangre y células inmunes.
  • La hematopoyesis fetal humana, particularmente el comportamiento del tallo hematopoyético y los progenitores multipotentes (HSC / MPP), no se entiende bien.
  • Comprender el desarrollo temprano de las células sanguíneas es clave para abordar los trastornos sanguíneos pediátricos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Identificar toda la gama de sangre humana y células inmunes durante el desarrollo.
  • Trazar un mapa de las vías de diferenciación de HSC/MPP y el impacto de los microambientes de los tejidos.
  • Para crear un atlas completo de la hematopoyesis del hígado fetal.

Principales métodos:

  • Perfiles de transcriptoma de una sola célula de aproximadamente 140,000 células hepáticas fetales y 74,000 células de piel, riñón y saco vitelino.
  • Inferencia de las trayectorias de diferenciación de las HSC/MPP.
  • Validación funcional de las variaciones del potencial de diferenciación HSC/MPP.

Principales resultados:

  • Identificación del repertorio completo de sangre humana y células inmunes durante el desarrollo.
  • Descubrimiento de la eritropoiesis fisiológica en la piel fetal.
  • Detección de células de mastocitos y precursores de células linfoides asesinas naturales en el saco vitelino.
  • Observación de un cambio gestacional en la composición hematopoyética del hígado fetal desde el dominio eritreo, con los cambios correspondientes en el potencial HSC/MPP.

Conclusiones:

  • El estudio proporciona un mapa integrado de la hematopoyesis hepática fetal humana.
  • Este mapa sirve como plan para el estudio de la sangre pediátrica y los trastornos inmunológicos.
  • Los hallazgos ofrecen una referencia para la utilización del potencial terapéutico de HSC/MPP.