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Cristales tridimensionales de nudos adaptativos
Jung-Shen B Tai1, Ivan I Smalyukh2,3,4
1Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 12, 2019
Resumen
Los investigadores crearon nódulos de cristal líquido estables y autoensamblados que se comportan como partículas. Estas robustas estructuras topológicas forman redes cristalinas, abriendo nuevas vías para la ciencia de los materiales y la nanotecnología.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Física de la materia blanda
- Ciencia de los cristales líquidos
- Materia topológica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los postulados teóricos de Gauss y Kelvin sugirieron que los nudos de campo podrían imitar el comportamiento de las partículas.
- La realización experimental de los nudos de campo se limitó a estados transitorios o requirió condiciones complejas, impidiendo el autoensamblaje.
- Los intentos anteriores no lograron crear estructuras cristalinas tridimensionales estables y autoensamblables a partir de los nudos de campo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Introducir y caracterizar nudos de tamaño micrométrico energéticamente estables en campos helicoidales de cristales líquidos quirales.
- Para investigar el comportamiento de auto-ensamblaje de estos nudos en estructuras cristalinas.
- Explorar la robustez topológica y la reconfigurabilidad de estas nuevas estructuras de nudos.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó un modelo numérico de minimización de energía para comprender la formación y la estabilidad de los nudos.
- Empleó técnicas de imagen óptica para observar nudos individuales y su comportamiento colectivo.
- Investigó las propiedades topológicas y la respuesta a estímulos externos.
Principales resultados:
- Creó con éxito nudos estables de tamaño micrométrico en campos helicoidales de cristales líquidos quirales.
- Se observó que estos nudos están localizados espacialmente, se difunden libremente y se autoensamblan en redes cristalinas con estructuras abiertas y cerradas.
- Demostró la robustez de estos nudos topológicos y su capacidad para ser reconfigurados por estímulos débiles.
Conclusiones:
- Los nudos de campo energéticamente estables se pueden realizar en cristales líquidos quirales, imitando el comportamiento de las partículas.
- Estos nudos se autoensamblan en estructuras cristalinas ordenadas, ofreciendo un nuevo paradigma para la materia topológica.
- Los hallazgos allanan el camino para aplicaciones en áreas como pantallas y materiales avanzados debido a su estabilidad y reconfigurabilidad.
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