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Descenso de la avifauna de América del Norte

Kenneth V Rosenberg^1,2, Adriaan M Dokter³, Peter J Blancher⁴

¹Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA. kvr2@cornell.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 12, 2019

Resumen

Las poblaciones de aves de América del Norte han disminuido en casi 3 mil millones, una pérdida del 29% desde 1970. Esta alarmante disminución en diversas especies y hábitats señala la necesidad urgente de abordar las amenazas a la biodiversidad.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología
Biología de la conservación
Ornitología

Sus antecedentes:

La extinción de especies es un componente clave de la crisis mundial de la biodiversidad.
La disminución de la población precede a la extinción, lo que lleva a cambios en la composición y la función del ecosistema.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para cuantificar las pérdidas de población en la avifauna norteamericana durante 48 años.
Evaluar el grado de disminución de la población de aves en diversos biomas y especies, incluidas las comunes.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó múltiples redes de monitoreo de aves independientes para rastrear las tendencias de la población.
Trayectorias de población integradas y estimaciones de tamaño.
Se analizaron datos de radar meteorológico de todo el continente para evaluar la biomasa de aves migratorias.

Principales resultados:

Se han reportado pérdidas significativas de población en gran parte de la avifauna de América del Norte en 48 años.
Se estima una pérdida neta de aproximadamente 3 mil millones de aves, lo que representa una disminución del 29% con respecto a la abundancia de 1970.
Se observó una fuerte disminución en el paso de la biomasa de las aves migratorias en un período reciente de 10 años a través del radar meteorológico.

Conclusiones:

La pérdida sustancial de la abundancia de aves indica la necesidad urgente de hacer frente a las amenazas a las poblaciones de aves.
El hecho de no abordar estas amenazas podría conducir a un colapso futuro de la avifauna y a la pérdida de la integridad, la función y los servicios de los ecosistemas.

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