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ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

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The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
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ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

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V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
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ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
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Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
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Primary Active Transport01:47

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

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Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
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Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution
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Una bomba molecular doble

Yunyan Qiu1, Long Zhang1, Cristian Pezzato1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 18, 2019
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores desarrollaron una bomba molecular dual (MDP) que controla con precisión el movimiento de las moléculas utilizando un mecanismo de trinquete de energía. Esta máquina molecular artificial ofrece captura y liberación controladas, allanando el camino para sistemas avanzados de transporte molecular.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química supramolecular
  • Nanotecnología
  • Ingeniería Química

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las máquinas moleculares artificiales (AMM) utilizan trenzas de energía para el movimiento molecular controlado.
  • Las moléculas mecánicamente interconectadas (MIM) forman la base de las AMM, con movimiento controlado mediante la alteración de barreras cinéticas y pozos termodinámicos.
  • Trabajos anteriores establecieron bombas moleculares artificiales (AMP) para el bombeo secuencial de anillos en mancuernas moleculares.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Informar sobre una nueva bomba molecular dual (PMD) compuesta por dos PMA vinculadas.
  • Para demostrar el bombeo lineal y controlado de un solo anillo dentro y fuera de una mancuerna molecular utilizando propiedades redox.
  • Mostrar la capacidad del MDP para capturar y liberar moléculas a través de un mecanismo de trinquete de energía.

Principales métodos:

  • Construcción de un PDM vinculado de principio a fin con dos PMA individuales.
  • Explotación de las propiedades redox para controlar la acción de bombeo.
  • Utilizando interacciones no covalentes y un mecanismo de trinquete de energía para la captura y liberación molecular.
  • Espectroscopia de RMN 1D y 2D 1H para el seguimiento del movimiento unidireccional y la captura/liberación controlada.

Principales resultados:

  • El MDP logró con éxito el bombeo unidireccional y lineal de un solo anillo dentro y fuera de una mancuerna molecular.
  • Se demostró la captura controlada y la posterior liberación del anillo en solución.
  • La función del sistema fue validada a través de espectroscopia RMN y experimentos de control.

Conclusiones:

  • El MDP desarrollado representa un avance significativo en los MMA, que demuestra un control preciso sobre el transporte molecular.
  • Este trabajo sirve como precursor de AMM más complejos capaces de transporte por membrana, análogos a los sistemas biológicos como la bacteriorhodopsina.
  • El MDP sienta las bases para futuras plataformas de transporte molecular con funcionalidades programables de captación y liberación de carga.