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Contractilidad colectiva regulada por la luz en un coanoflagelado multicelular

Thibaut Brunet¹, Ben T Larson^1,2, Tess A Linden¹

¹Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 19, 2019

Resumen

Los coanoflagelados, los parientes más cercanos a los animales, muestran contracciones celulares colectivas. Una nueva especie, Choanoeca flexa, demuestra una rápida inversión de la colonia inducida por la luz utilizando actomiosina, ofreciendo información sobre la evolución animal temprana.

Área de la Ciencia:

* Biología del desarrollo
* Biología evolutiva
* Biología celular

Sus antecedentes:

* Las contracciones celulares colectivas son cruciales para el desarrollo y el movimiento de los animales.
Los orígenes evolutivos de estos comportamientos celulares coordinados siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidos.
* Los coanoflagelados son los parientes vivos más cercanos a los animales, proporcionando un modelo para estudiar la evolución temprana de los animales.

Objetivo del estudio:

* Investigar los mecanismos celulares y moleculares que subyacen a la contractilidad celular colectiva en los coanoflagelados.
* Explorar las respuestas sensoriales y conductuales de las colonias de coanoflagelados multicelulares.
* Para obtener información sobre los antepasados pre-bilateral de los animales.

Principales métodos:

* Aislamiento y caracterización de una nueva especie de choanoflagelados, Choanoeca flexa, de Curazao.
* Observación de la morfología y el comportamiento de las colonias en respuesta a estímulos ambientales (niveles de luz).
* Investigación de la maquinaria celular involucrada en la inversión de colonias, incluida la acomiosina y las vías sensoriales (monofosfato de guanosina cíclica de rodopsina).

Principales resultados:

Choanoeca flexa forma colonias multicelulares en forma de copa con capacidad de inversión rápida.
* La inversión de la colonia se desencadena por cambios en los niveles de luz, detectados a través de una vía de monofosfato de guanosina cíclica de rodopsina.
* El proceso de inversión está mediado por la contractilidad apical dependiente de la acomiosina, lo que permite el cambio de comportamiento entre la alimentación y la natación.

Conclusiones:

Choanoeca flexa demuestra un vínculo directo entre la información sensorial y las respuestas contráctiles multicelulares.
* Este organismo proporciona un modelo para comprender cómo los antepasados animales tempranos pueden haber integrado la detección ambiental con acciones celulares coordinadas.
* Los hallazgos arrojan luz sobre la evolución de células especializadas sensoriales y contráctiles en los animales.

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