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VISTA es un ligando ácido selectivo del pH para PSGL-1
Robert J Johnston1, Linhui Julie Su2, Jason Pinckney3
1Immuno-Oncology Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA. robert.johnston@bms.com.
Nature
|October 25, 2019
Resumen
Los microambientes tumorales suprimen las células T a través de la unión de VISTA a PSGL-1 a pH ácido. El bloqueo de esta interacción invierte la supresión inmune, revelando el pH
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología
- Biología del cáncer
- Biología molecular
Sus antecedentes:
- Los receptores inmunes co-inhibidores como CTLA-4 y PD-1 contribuyen a la disfunción de las células T en el cáncer.
- Las terapias actuales dirigidas a CTLA-4 y PD-1 muestran eficacia pero no restauran completamente la inmunidad antitumoral.
- Los mecanismos por los cuales los tumores crean un entorno inmunosupresor no se comprenden completamente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel del supresor de inmunoglobulina de dominio V de la activación de las células T (VISTA) en la supresión de las células T dentro del microambiente tumoral.
- Identificar las interacciones moleculares y los factores ambientales que median la supresión inmune impulsada por VISTA.
- Explorar VISTA como un objetivo terapéutico potencial para mejorar la inmunidad antitumoral.
Principales métodos:
- Caracterización de la interacción de VISTA con las células T bajo condiciones de pH variables.
- Identificación de los residuos de aminoácidos clave implicados en la unión a VISTA-PSGL-1.
- Desarrollo y ensayo de anticuerpos bloqueadores dirigidos a la interacción VISTA-PSGL-1 en entornos ácidos.
- Evaluación in vivo de la eficacia de los anticuerpos para revertir la supresión inmune mediada por VISTA.
Principales resultados:
- VISTA activa y suprime selectivamente las células T a un pH ácido, característico de los microambientes tumorales.
- Los residuos específicos de histidina en VISTA median la unión al ligando de la glicoproteína P-selectina-1 (PSGL-1).
- Los anticuerpos diseñados para bloquear la interacción VISTA- PSGL-1 en condiciones ácidas revertieron efectivamente la supresión inmune mediada por VISTA in vivo.
Conclusiones:
- VISTA utiliza el pH ácido en el microambiente tumoral para suprimir la actividad de las células T a través de la activación de PSGL-1.
- La interacción VISTA-PSGL-1, modulada por el pH, representa un nuevo mecanismo de resistencia inmune inducida por el tumor.
- Dirigirse al eje VISTA-PSGL-1 dependiente del pH ofrece una estrategia prometedora para superar la evasión inmune en el tratamiento del cáncer.
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