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Activación inducida por el patógeno de las funciones supresoras de la enfermedad en el microbioma de la raíz

Víctor J Carrión^1,2, Juan Perez-Jaramillo^1,3, Viviane Cordovez^1,2

¹Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 2, 2019

Resumen

Los microbios de las raíces de las plantas pueden mejorar su salud. Un estudio encontró que bacterias específicas, Chitinophagaceae y Flavobacteriaceae, y sus genes suprimieron la enfermedad de la raíz fúngica, revelando funciones protectoras desconocidas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Interacciones entre plantas y microbios
Investigación sobre el microbioma
Genómica y análisis funcional

Sus antecedentes:

Los microorganismos endofíticos dentro de las plantas influyen en el crecimiento y la salud.
La diversidad genómica y funcional de estos endofitos es en gran medida desconocida.
Las infecciones fúngicas de las raíces representan una amenaza significativa para la salud de las plantas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la diversidad genómica y funcional de los endofitos de raíz.
Identificar los agentes microbianos y los mecanismos genéticos implicados en la supresión de enfermedades de las plantas.
Explorar el potencial de los consorcios endofíticos para el control de las enfermedades de las raíces fúngicas.

Principales métodos:

Secuenciación metagenómica e inferencia de red para analizar las comunidades microbianas.
Reconstrucción del genoma a nivel de cepa para identificar actores microbianos clave.
Mutagénesis dirigida al sitio para determinar la función de grupos de genes específicos.
Diseño y ensayo de un consorcio bacteriano endofítico para la supresión de enfermedades.

Principales resultados:

Infección fúngica enriquecida para las Chitinophagaceae y Flavobacteriaceae en la endosfera de la raíz.
Se han identificado genes de citinasas y nuevos grupos de genes biosintéticos (NRPS y PKS).
Un consorcio diseñado de Chitinophaga y Flavobacterium suprimió la enfermedad de la raíz fúngica.
Un grupo de genes NRPS-PKS previamente desconocido en Flavobacterium fue crucial para la supresión de la enfermedad.

Conclusiones:

Los microbiomas de las raíces endofíticas poseen rasgos funcionales significativos, aún no descubiertos.
Estos rasgos, particularmente de los nuevos grupos NRPS-PKS, pueden aprovecharse para la protección de las enfermedades de las plantas.
El estudio pone de relieve el potencial de los consorcios microbianos para la agricultura sostenible y la gestión fitosanitaria.

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