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La ética del programa de intercambio mundial de riñones
Francesca Minerva1, Julian Savulescu2, Peter Singer3
1Faculty of Philosophy and Moral Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
Lancet (London, England)
|November 3, 2019
Resumen
El Global Kidney Exchange (GKE) facilita los trasplantes internacionales de riñón, aumentando el número de donantes en todo el mundo. Este programa refuta las afirmaciones de explotación, promueve la justicia global y salva vidas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud global
- Cirugía de trasplante
- La bioética
Sus antecedentes:
- El trasplante de riñón es un procedimiento que salva vidas a menudo inaccesible en países de bajos y medianos ingresos.
- El programa Global Kidney Exchange (GKE) tiene como objetivo abordar las disparidades en el acceso al trasplante de órganos.
- La donación y el intercambio internacional de órganos se enfrentan a desafíos éticos y logísticos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar las implicaciones éticas y los beneficios del programa Global Kidney Exchange (GKE).
- Para hacer frente a las acusaciones de tráfico y explotación de órganos asociados con el GKE.
- Para defender el papel de la GKE en la promoción de la justicia global en el cuidado de la salud.
Principales métodos:
- El estudio analiza el modelo operativo del intercambio mundial de riñones (GKE).
- Examina los argumentos éticos en torno a los programas internacionales de intercambio de órganos.
- La investigación refuta las afirmaciones de explotación y coacción dentro del marco de GKE.
Principales resultados:
- El programa GKE facilita los trasplantes de riñón mediante el emparejamiento de pares internacionales de donantes y receptores.
- Cubre los gastos médicos de los beneficiarios en países de bajos ingresos, aumentando el acceso.
- El programa amplía el grupo global de donantes, beneficiando a los receptores en países de altos ingresos.
Conclusiones:
- El GKE promueve la justicia global aumentando el acceso al trasplante de riñón.
- El programa mitiga, en lugar de exacerbar, la explotación de las poblaciones vulnerables.
- Las objeciones al GKE deben reconsiderarse para permitir que se realice su potencial de salvar vidas.
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