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Los súper emisores de metano de California

Riley M Duren1,2, Andrew K Thorpe3, Kelsey T Foster3

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias del medio ambiente
  • Química de la atmósfera
  • Detección remota

Sus antecedentes:

  • El metano es un potente gas de efecto invernadero, y su mitigación es una prioridad mundial.
  • Los emisores de metano de fuente puntual son significativos pero están mal caracterizados.
  • Los datos precisos sobre las emisiones de metano son cruciales para las estrategias eficaces de mitigación.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para cuantificar las emisiones de metano en toda la infraestructura de California.
  • Identificar y localizar los principales emisores de metano mediante la teledetección aérea.
  • Evaluar la contribución de las fuentes puntuales al inventario total de metano del estado.

Principales métodos:

  • Realizó cinco encuestas de espectrómetro de imágenes aéreas entre 2016 y 2018.
  • Mapeado más de 272.000 elementos de infraestructura en los sectores de petróleo y gas, estiércol y residuos.
  • Detectado, geolocalizado y cuantificado columnas de metano de 564 fuentes puntuales fuertes.

Principales resultados:

  • Se estima que las emisiones netas de metano de origen puntual ascienden a 0,618 Tg/año, lo que representa el 34-46% del inventario de California en 2016.
  • Se identificó que el 10% de las fuentes puntuales contribuyen con ~60% de las emisiones totales de fuentes puntuales.
  • Se encontraron vertederos, lecherías y sectores de petróleo y gas como emisores dominantes, siendo los vertederos los más grandes.

Conclusiones:

  • La teledetección aérea proporciona datos de alta resolución para la evaluación de las emisiones de metano.
  • Una pequeña fracción de la infraestructura es responsable de una proporción desproporcionadamente grande de las emisiones de metano.
  • El intercambio de datos facilitó la mitigación de las emisiones anómalas de metano en California.