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Un circuito cortical del tronco cerebral predice y regula el consumo compulsivo de alcohol
Cody A Siciliano1,2,3, Habiba Noamany4, Chia-Jung Chang4
1The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. tye@salk.edu cody.siciliano@vanderbilt.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 23, 2019
Resumen
Las diferencias individuales en la actividad cerebral antes de la exposición al alcohol predicen el consumo compulsivo. Las firmas neuronales específicas en las neuronas corticales pueden predecir e incluso alterar los patrones de consumo de alcohol, lo que explica la vulnerabilidad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Ciencias del comportamiento
- Investigación de las adicciones
Sus antecedentes:
- La transición del consumo moderado al compulsivo de alcohol es poco conocida.
- Las diferencias individuales en la neurobiología pueden ser la base de la vulnerabilidad al trastorno por consumo de alcohol.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para identificar los predictores neuronales del consumo compulsivo de alcohol.
- Investigar los mecanismos neurobiológicos que impulsan el aumento del consumo de alcohol.
Principales métodos:
- Seguimiento longitudinal de la bebida compulsiva en ratones machos después de una experiencia de consumo excesivo de alcohol.
- Registrando las firmas de actividad neuronal de las neuronas corticales que se proyectan hacia el tronco cerebral.
- Experimentalmente imitando patrones de actividad neuronal para evaluar su efecto en el comportamiento de la bebida.
Principales resultados:
- El consumo excesivo de alcohol reveló diferencias individuales latentes en el consumo de alcohol y la compulsividad.
- Los distintos patrones de actividad neuronal en las vías del tronco cerebral cortical predijeron el consumo compulsivo futuro.
- La imitación de estos patrones de actividad neuronal moduló con éxito los fenotipos de bebida.
Conclusiones:
- Las firmas de actividad neuronal preexistentes pueden predecir la vulnerabilidad al consumo compulsivo de alcohol.
- Las vías neuronales del tronco cerebral cortical juegan un papel mecanicista en las diferencias individuales en la escalada del consumo de alcohol.
- Dirigirse a estos circuitos neuronales puede ofrecer estrategias terapéuticas para el trastorno por consumo de alcohol.
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