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Mejoradores funcionales de la forma Amplificaciones oncogénicas extracromosómicas

Andrew R Morton1, Nergiz Dogan-Artun2, Zachary J Faber1

  • 1Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

Cell
|November 26, 2019
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Resumen

Las amplificaciones genéticas del cáncer a menudo incluyen ADN no codificante, particularmente potenciadores cerca de oncogenes como el EGFR. Estas regiones, cruciales para la aptitud celular, se mantienen en el ADN extracromosómico en el glioblastoma.

Palabras clave:
El Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo RegionalEl CMIEl MICNel doble de minutosmejoradorepigenéticaADN extracromosómicoel glioblastomaAmplificación de oncogenes

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La genómica
  • Biología del cáncer
  • La epigenética

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las regiones de ADN no codificantes adyacentes a los oncogenes amplificados se pasan por alto con frecuencia.
  • Comprender el papel de estos elementos no codificantes en la progresión del cáncer es fundamental.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los patrones de coamplificación del ADN no codificante con oncogenes en varios tipos de cáncer.
  • Explorar la importancia funcional de los elementos reguladores no codificantes coamplificados, específicamente los potenciadores, en el glioblastoma.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis computacional para identificar las firmas de coamplificación del ADN no codificante.
  • Evaluación de la interferencia CRISPR para evaluar el impacto de los elementos reguladores en la aptitud celular.
  • Análisis de la topología de la cromatina y las amplificaciones del ADN extracromosómico.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observó una co-amplificación significativa del ADN no codificante más allá de los límites oncogénicos en cinco tipos de cáncer.
  • En el glioblastoma, el EGFR fue co-amplificado con sus potenciadores específicos del tipo celular, que se conservaron en el ADN extracromosómico.
  • El cribado CRISPR identificó diversos elementos que afectan la aptitud celular, los reordenamientos de espejo y el recableado de la cromatina en los amplicones.

Conclusiones:

  • Las amplificaciones oncogénicas están influenciadas por dependencias regulatorias dentro del genoma no codificante.
  • Los elementos no codificantes coamplificados, incluidos los potenciadores, juegan un papel importante en la aptitud de las células cancerosas.
  • Las amplificaciones extracromosómicas mantienen la integridad funcional de estos elementos reguladores y su topología cromatínica asociada.