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Un amplio sistema binario estrella-agujero negro de mediciones de velocidad radial
Jifeng Liu1,2,3, Haotong Zhang4, Andrew W Howard5
1Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. jfliu@nao.cas.cn.
Nature
|November 29, 2019
Resumen
Los astrónomos descubrieron un agujero negro masivo usando mediciones de velocidad radial de una estrella compañera. Este hallazgo desafía las teorías actuales de evolución estelar para la formación de agujeros negros en entornos de alta metalicidad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La astrofísica
- Evolución estelar
- Física de los agujeros negros
Sus antecedentes:
- Los agujeros negros de masa estelar generalmente se identifican a través de las emisiones de rayos X del gas que se acumula en los sistemas binarios.
- Los sistemas existentes identificados por rayos X representan una minoría de la población binaria estrella-agujero negro total.
- Los agujeros negros no acrecentados se pueden detectar observando el movimiento de sus estrellas compañeras.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para detectar y caracterizar agujeros negros de masa estelar no identificados a través de emisiones de rayos X.
- Para investigar la población de binarios de estrellas y agujeros negros más allá de las observaciones de rayos X.
- Para probar las teorías de evolución estelar y la formación de agujeros negros.
Principales métodos:
- Realizó mediciones de velocidad radial de la estrella galáctica de tipo B LB-1 durante dos años.
- Analizó el movimiento orbital de la estrella B y su línea de emisión Hα.
- Calculó la masa del compañero oscuro basado en el movimiento estelar observado.
Principales resultados:
- Identificó un compañero oscuro con una masa de aproximadamente 70 masas solares, consistente con un agujero negro.
- Determinó que el sistema es un binario ancho con un largo período orbital de 78,9 días.
- La masa del agujero negro detectado es similar a la encontrada en los experimentos de ondas gravitacionales.
Conclusiones:
- El descubrimiento de un agujero negro masivo a través de mediciones de velocidad radial expande los métodos para detectar estos objetos.
- La formación de un agujero negro tan masivo en un entorno de alta metalicidad presenta un desafío significativo para los modelos actuales de evolución estelar.
- Este hallazgo sugiere que los agujeros negros masivos pueden ser más comunes de lo que se pensaba anteriormente, particularmente en sistemas binarios amplios.
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