Reparación de parches en heridas profundas mediante movilización de la fascia
Donovan Correa-Gallegos1, Dongsheng Jiang1, Simon Christ1
1Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
Nature
|November 29, 2019
Resumen
Las cicatrices de la piel se originan en una matriz prefabricada dentro de la fascia subcutánea. Los fibroblastos de la fascia y su matriz forman matrices de heridas provisionales, cruciales para la curación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Investigación sobre la curación de heridas
- Dermatología
- Ingeniería de tejidos
Sus antecedentes:
- La cicatrización de las heridas de los mamíferos es esencial para la supervivencia, pero se entiende incompletamente.
- Los modelos existentes carecen de explicación para el origen de los componentes de la matriz de cicatrices.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para aclarar el origen y el mecanismo de la formación de cicatrices en la piel.
- Para identificar los contribuyentes celulares y de la matriz a la matriz de la herida provisional.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó el mapeo del destino y las técnicas de imagen en vivo en modelos de mamíferos.
- Se realizó una ablación genética de los fibroblastos de la fascia.
- Migración de fibroblastos de la fascia manipulada experimentalmente mediante el uso de películas impermeables.
Principales resultados:
- Se demostró que las cicatrices de la piel se originan en la matriz prefabricada en la fascia subcutánea.
- Reveló que los fibroblastos de la fascia migran a la superficie de la piel después de la herida, trayendo la matriz asociada, los vasos sanguíneos, los macrófagos y los nervios.
- Se demostró que la ablación genética o el bloqueo físico de los fibroblastos de la fascia conduce a cicatrices defectuosas o heridas crónicas.
Conclusiones:
- La fascia subcutánea proporciona una matriz prefabricada de fibroblastos y componentes asociados esenciales para el sellado rápido de la herida.
- Los fibroblastos de la fascia actúan como "fibroblastos centinelas" dentro de un sellador móvil, preensamblando diversos elementos para la reparación de heridas.
- La movilidad de la matriz fascial puede desempeñar un papel en las heridas crónicas o excesivas de la piel.
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