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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
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Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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Polymers02:34

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
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Fusión de Polímeros inducida por polimerización

Spyridon Varlas1, Robert Keogh1, Yujie Xie1,2

  • 1School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , United Kingdom.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 30, 2019
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los polimerosomas artificiales se fusionan espontáneamente para formar estructuras tubulares sin fuerza externa, impulsadas por la polimerización. Esta fusión de polímeros inducida por polimerización permite el control de la forma y la composición de las nanopartículas para aplicaciones en la administración de fármacos y la catálisis.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química de los polímeros
  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • La biofísica

Sus antecedentes:

  • La fusión y la fisión de las membranas son vitales para la comunicación intercelular.
  • Los polimerosomas artificiales generalmente requieren campos de fuerza externos para la fusión.
  • Comprender los mecanismos de autoensamblaje es clave para los nanomateriales avanzados.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para lograr la formación por fusión de polimerosomas tubulares (tubesomas) sin fuerza externa.
  • Explorar el mecanismo de la fusión de los polimeros inducida por la polimerización.
  • Para demostrar el control sobre la morfología y la composición de los tubos.

Principales métodos:

  • La metástasis por polimerización de apertura de anillo acuoso inducida por autoensamblaje (ROMPISA).
  • Diferentes grados de polimerización en el bloque del núcleo (DP).
  • Traslado de energía por resonancia de Förster (FRET) y microscopía confocal para la confirmación de la fusión.

Principales resultados:

  • Formación espontánea de tubesomas anisotrópicos durante ROMPISA.
  • Control de la composición y distribución longitudinal de los tubosomas mediante el ajuste de la DP.
  • Pruebas de fusión a través de la cinética de crecimiento escalonado, mezcla de membranas FRET y mezcla de lumen.

Conclusiones:

  • La fusión de polímeros inducida por polimerización es un nuevo mecanismo impulsado por la creciente tensión de la cadena de polímeros.
  • Este método ofrece una ruta fácil para mezclas reproducibles y sintonizables de polimerosomas esféricos y tubulares.
  • Aplicaciones potenciales en la catálisis, el tráfico y la administración de drogas debido a la morfología controlada y la mezcla de compartimentos.