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Las poliquetasas altamente reductoras de hongos biosintetizan los salicilaldehídos que son precursores de los
Ling Liu1,2, Man-Cheng Tang1, Yi Tang1,3
1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 3, 2019
Resumen
Las enzimas fúngicas llamadas poliquetasas altamente reductoras (HRPKS) pueden crear compuestos aromáticos. Este estudio revela cómo las vías HRPKS en *Trichoderma virens* logran esto, expandiendo la biosíntesis del producto natural.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La bioquímica
- Biosíntesis de productos naturales
- Enzimología
Sus antecedentes:
- Las poliquetas altamente reductoras fúngicas (HRPKS) son enzimas multidominio que generalmente producen poliquetas reducidas.
- Los hallazgos recientes sugieren que las HRPKS están involucradas en la síntesis de saliciladehído, desafiando la enzimología establecida.
- La biosíntesis de compuestos aromáticos por vías HRPKS sigue siendo incompletamente entendida.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Aclarar la estrategia de biosíntesis de los productos aromáticos, específicamente el salicilaldehído, por las vías HRPKS de los hongos.
- Para investigar el papel de las enzimas redox dentro de un grupo de genes HRPKS en Trichoderma virens.
- Ampliar la diversidad química conocida accesible a través de la biosíntesis mediada por HRPKS.
Principales métodos:
- Minería del genoma de un grupo de genes HRPKS de Trichoderma virens.
- Análisis de las enzimas redox asociadas con la vía HRPKS.
- Caracterización bioquímica de los productos intermedios y las transformaciones enzimáticas.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificó una vía HRPKS en Trichoderma virens responsable de la síntesis de compuestos aromáticos como el saliciladehído.
- Se ha demostrado que la reoxidación selectiva de los grupos β-hidroxilo en el producto HRPKS a las β-cetonas es crucial.
- Demostró el papel de las enzimas deshidrogenasa/reductasa de cadena corta en la facilitación de la condensación y aromatización de aldol intramolecular.
- Reveló la modificación oxidativa del salicilaldehído en tricoxido, un producto natural de epoxiciclohexanol.
Conclusiones:
- Las vías HRPKS de hongos emplean una estrategia novedosa que implica la reoxidación selectiva y la condensación de aldol para la formación de productos aromáticos.
- Este mecanismo expande la enzimología conocida de los HRPKS más allá de las policetidas reducidas.
- Los hallazgos amplían el alcance de los productos naturales accesibles a través de los grupos de genes biosintéticos HRPKS.
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