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RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

78.6K
Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
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RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
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RNA-seq03:21

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
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RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE
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Visualización del ARN de una sola hebra desordenado: secuencia de conexión, estructura y electrostática

Alex Plumridge1, Kurt Andresen2, Lois Pollack1

  • 1School of Applied and Engineering Physics , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 6, 2019
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Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los homopolímeros de ARN de cadena única como los tractos U y A exhiben estructuras y atmósferas iónicas distintas. Estas propiedades dependientes de la secuencia influyen en el plegamiento del ARN y las interacciones de las proteínas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La bioquímica
  • Biología molecular
  • La biofísica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las regiones homopoliméricas (por ejemplo, U o A tractos) en el ARN funcional de una sola hebra (ssRNA) son cruciales para la estructura molecular y el reconocimiento de parejas.
  • Las propiedades conformacionales y biofísicas precisas de estos motivos de ssRNA siguen siendo incompletamente entendidas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar las conformaciones y las atmósferas iónicas de los homopolímeros de ARNs ss biológicamente significativos.
  • Proporcionar mediciones cuantitativas de las características biofísicas de los tractos U y A en el ARNSS.

Principales métodos:

  • Aplicación de múltiples técnicas experimentales para sondear la estructura de ssRNA.
  • Medición cuantitativa de las atmósferas iónicas que rodean a los homopolímeros de ARNs ss.

Principales resultados:

  • Las conformaciones de ssRNA son dependientes de la secuencia, atrayendo atmósferas iónicas únicas.
  • Las cadenas de poli U (rU) generalmente no están estructuradas, mientras que las cadenas de poli A (rA) exhiben un orden a través de apilamiento o agrupamiento, influenciadas por las condiciones de la solución.
  • Las diferencias estructurales observadas se correlacionan con las disparidades medidas en la composición iónica y las atmósferas.

Conclusiones:

  • Existe una interacción compleja entre las bases de ARN, los iones y el ordenamiento de ssRNA.
  • Las distintas firmas estructurales e iónicas de los homopolímeros de ARNs ss explican sus roles en el plegamiento del ARN y el reconocimiento de proteínas.