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Efusión cíclica de lava durante la erupción del volcán Kīlauea en 2018
M R Patrick1, H R Dietterich2, J J Lyons2
1U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Hilo, HI 96720, USA. mpatrick@usgs.gov.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 7, 2019
Resumen
Las tasas de erupción volcánica fluctúan cíclicamente debido a la desgasificación superficial y a las oleadas de suministro de magma más profundas. Comprender estos ciclos es clave para predecir los peligros del flujo de lava de los volcanes activos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Volcanología
- La geofísica
- Ciencias de la Tierra
Sus antecedentes:
- Los flujos de lava representan una amenaza significativa para las comunidades cercanas a los volcanes activos.
- La tasa de erupción volumétrica es un factor crítico que influye en el comportamiento del flujo de lava y los peligros asociados.
- Las fuerzas motrices y las escalas de tiempo de la variabilidad de la tasa de erupción no se comprenden bien.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar las causas de las fluctuaciones cíclicas de la tasa de erupción durante la erupción de Kīlauea en 2018.
- Para vincular la variabilidad de la velocidad de erupción a procesos específicos dentro del sistema magmático.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los datos multiparámetros de la erupción de Kīlauea de 2018.
- Correlación de los ciclos de erupción con eventos geológicos como el colapso de la caldera.
Principales resultados:
- La erupción de Kīlauea de 2018 exhibió tasas de erupción cíclicas en escalas de tiempo cortas (minutos) y largas (decenas de horas).
- Los ciclos a corto plazo fueron impulsados por la desgasificación de magma poco profundo.
- Los ciclos a largo plazo estaban vinculados a las oleadas de suministro de magma impulsadas por la presión provocadas por los eventos de colapso de la caldera de la cumbre.
Conclusiones:
- Las fluctuaciones de la velocidad de erupción están directamente controladas por procesos magmáticos distintos.
- El colapso de la caldera de la cumbre puede desencadenar importantes oleadas de suministro de magma, lo que influye en las erupciones de los flancos.
- Este estudio aclara la relación entre la dinámica de la erupción y el comportamiento del sistema magmático.
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