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Los filtros de extinción median los efectos globales de la fragmentación del hábitat en los animales

Matthew G Betts¹, Christopher Wolf¹, Marion Pfeifer²

¹Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. matt.betts@oregonstate.edu wolfch@oregonstate.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 7, 2019

Resumen

Especie

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología
Investigación de la biodiversidad
Biología de la conservación

Sus antecedentes:

La pérdida de hábitat es la principal causa de la disminución de la biodiversidad a nivel mundial.
El impacto de la fragmentación del hábitat en las especies sigue siendo objeto de debate.
La sensibilidad de las especies a la fragmentación puede estar relacionada con las respuestas evolutivas a las perturbaciones históricas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para comprobar si la sensibilidad a la fragmentación forestal está influenciada por la exposición histórica a perturbaciones.
Investigar el papel de la adaptación evolutiva en las respuestas de las especies a la fragmentación del hábitat.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó una base de datos global de 73 conjuntos de datos.
Se incluyeron 4489 especies animales en el análisis.
Comparación de la sensibilidad a la fragmentación en regiones con tasas de perturbación históricas variables.

Principales resultados:

La proporción de especies sensibles a la fragmentación fue casi tres veces mayor en áreas con baja perturbación histórica.
La sensibilidad de las especies a la fragmentación aumentó significativamente con la disminución de la latitud.
Se observó un aumento de seis veces en la sensibilidad de latitudes altas a bajas.

Conclusiones:

Las estrategias de conservación que abordan la fragmentación del hábitat son más críticas en los bosques tropicales.
La historia evolutiva y los regímenes de perturbación históricos dan forma a las respuestas de las especies a la fragmentación.
La comprensión de los gradientes latitudinales en la sensibilidad a la fragmentación es crucial para una planificación de conservación efectiva.

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