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La transferencia de calor de fonones a través de un vacío a través de fluctuaciones cuánticas
King Yan Fong1, Hao-Kun Li1, Rongkuo Zhao1
1Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Nature
|December 13, 2019
Resumen
Los científicos demostraron la transferencia de calor a través de las fluctuaciones cuánticas, lo que permite el transporte de fonones a través del vacío. Este descubrimiento revela un nuevo mecanismo de transferencia de calor más allá de los métodos tradicionales, que afecta a la gestión térmica a nanoescala.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La física cuántica
- La termodinámica
- Nanotecnología
Sus antecedentes:
- La transferencia de calor en los sólidos ocurre a través de electrones o fonones (vibraciones atómicas).
- La transferencia de calor de fonones a través de un vacío se consideraba imposible debido a la falta de un medio.
- La teoría cuántica de campos predijo el acoplamiento de fonones a través del vacío a través de fluctuaciones cuánticas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para demostrar experimentalmente la transferencia de calor mediada por fluctuaciones cuánticas a través de un vacío.
- Para investigar el acoplamiento de fonones inducido por efectos de vacío cuántico.
- Explorar las implicaciones para la termodinámica cuántica y la gestión térmica a nanoescala.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó sistemas nanomecánicos para lograr un fuerte acoplamiento de fonones.
- Creado un espacio de vacío entre dos objetos para facilitar la transferencia de calor.
- Se midió el intercambio de energía térmica entre modos de fonones individuales.
Principales resultados:
- Se ha demostrado con éxito la transferencia de calor inducida por fluctuaciones cuánticas entre objetos en el vacío.
- Intercambio directo observado de energía térmica entre modos de fonón.
- Los resultados experimentales se alinearon con las predicciones teóricas y fueron distintos de la radiación de campo cercano o los efectos electrostáticos.
Conclusiones:
- Descubrió un nuevo mecanismo de transferencia de calor: el transporte de fonones a través de fluctuaciones cuánticas.
- Este mecanismo complementa los modos convencionales de transferencia de calor (conducción, convección y radiación).
- Abre posibilidades para utilizar el vacío cuántico para el transporte de energía a nanoescala.
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