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Acciones de doble función: aprovechar las oportunidades de programas y políticas para hacer frente a la desnutrición
Corinna Hawkes1, Marie T Ruel2, Leah Salm2
1Centre for Food Policy, City, University of London, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 20, 2019
Resumen
Abordar la desnutrición requiere un enfoque holístico. Las acciones de doble función abordan simultáneamente la desnutrición y el sobrepeso/obesidad, ofreciendo una estrategia unificada para los desafíos sanitarios mundiales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la nutrición
- Salud pública
- Salud global
Sus antecedentes:
- La desnutrición se aborda a través de enfoques fragmentados, lo que dificulta las soluciones integrales.
- La coexistencia de la desnutrición y el sobrepeso/obesidad (la doble carga de la desnutrición) plantea desafíos complejos para la salud pública.
- Los programas de nutrición existentes pueden exacerbar inadvertidamente la obesidad y las enfermedades no transmisibles relacionadas con la dieta.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar y evaluar las "acciones de doble función" que abordan simultáneamente la desnutrición y el sobrepeso/obesidad/DR-NCD.
- Para sintetizar la evidencia sobre los factores comunes que vinculan las diferentes formas de desnutrición.
- Proponer un marco para el diseño y la aplicación de estrategias integradas de desnutrición.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de las pruebas sobre los factores que provocan la desnutrición y los efectos del programa.
- Identificación y análisis de "acciones de doble función" basadas en la literatura existente.
- Desarrollo de un marco conceptual para las intervenciones integradas en materia de malnutrición.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron diez "acciones de doble función" con potencial para mitigar tanto la desnutrición como el sobrepeso/obesidad/ENM.
- Los impulsores comunes incluyen la nutrición temprana, la diversidad de la dieta, los entornos alimentarios y los factores socioeconómicos.
- La evidencia indica que algunos programas de nutrición pueden tener un impacto negativo en la obesidad y las END-DR, especialmente durante las transiciones de nutrición.
Conclusiones:
- Las "acciones de doble función" integradas son cruciales para abordar eficazmente el espectro de la desnutrición.
- Se propone un marco y medidas concretas para guiar la aplicación de estas estrategias integradas.
- Se necesitan medidas urgentes para adoptar y ampliar "acciones de doble función" para el control integral de la desnutrición.
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