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La conducción saltatoria a lo largo de los axones mielinizados implica un nanocircuito periaxonal

Charles C H Cohen¹, Marko A Popovic², Jan Klooster²

¹Department of Axonal Signalling, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy for Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.

|December 30, 2019

Resumen

Los investigadores descubrieron un espacio periaxonal a nanoescala que permite una rápida conducción de impulsos eléctricos a lo largo de los axones mielinados. Este hallazgo aclara el mecanismo de conducción saltatoria, crucial para la transmisión eficiente de la señal nerviosa.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia
Electrofisiología celular
La biofísica

Sus antecedentes:

La vaina de mielina acelera la propagación del impulso eléctrico a través de la conducción saltatoria.
El circuito eléctrico preciso y el papel de la conducción de la submielina en la conducción saltatoria siguen sin estar claros.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para aclarar el circuito eléctrico subyacente a la conducción saltatoria en los axones mielinados.
Investigar el papel del espacio periaxonal en la propagación del potencial de acción.

Principales métodos:

Grabaciones ópticas calibradas por parches y alta velocidad de los axones piramidal neocorticales.
El microscopio electrónico.
Modelado de cables experimentalmente restringido.

Principales resultados:

Se identificó un espacio periaxonal conductor a nanoescala, que separa los potenciales a través de la vaina de mielina.
Este espacio está incompletamente sellado en los paranodos.
Un modelo de doble cable que incorpora este espacio reproduce con precisión las formas de onda de tensión registradas.

Conclusiones:

El espacio periaxonal es un componente clave del circuito eléctrico para la conducción saltatoria.
Este espacio facilita los potenciales nódales rápidos que preceden a las ondas internales, explicando la saltación a través del tiempo y el espacio.

Palabras clave:

potencial de acción el axón el circuito Modelado computacional el cable doble El internodo Mielina y sus derivados Espacio periaxial conducción saltatoria un solo cable

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