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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane02:02

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

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The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this...
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Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

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Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
15.0K
Structure of Alkanes02:23

Structure of Alkanes

32.1K
The formation of carbon-carbon bonds leading to the creation of the carbon chain is the basis of organic chemistry. August Kekulé and Archibald Scott Couper independently developed this idea of carbon chain formation.
Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds composed of carbons and hydrogens. Based on the bond order between carbons, the hydrocarbons are further classified into alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. 
Alkanes are the simplest hydrocarbons with sp3 hybrid carbon atoms....
32.1K
Conformations of Cycloalkanes02:29

Conformations of Cycloalkanes

13.9K
Adolf von Baeyer attempted to explain the instabilities of small and large cycloalkane rings using the concept of angle strain — the strain caused by the deviation of bond angles from the ideal 109.5° tetrahedral value for sp3  hybridized carbons. However, while cyclopropane and cyclobutane are strained, as expected from their highly compressed bond angles, cyclopentane is more strained than predicted, and cyclohexane is virtually strain-free. Hence, Baeyer’s theory that...
13.9K
Conformations of Butane02:20

Conformations of Butane

17.4K
Unlike ethane and propane that have only two major conformations, butane has more than two conformers. The staggered form of butane in which the bulky methyl groups on the two carbons are placed on opposite sides, that is, at a dihedral angle of 180°, is the lowest energy, most stable form — called the anti conformer. This conformation is stabilized due to the absence of steric repulsion between the largely spaced out methyl groups. The other two staggered conformations are...
17.4K
Conformations of Ethane and Propane02:18

Conformations of Ethane and Propane

16.6K
In an organic molecule, free rotation about the carbon-carbon single bond results in energetically different conformers of the molecule. Due to this rotation, called the internal rotation, ethane has two major conformations — staggered and eclipsed.
Staggered conformation is a low energy and more stable conformation with the C-H bonds on the front carbon placed at 60°dihedral angles relative to the C-H bonds on the back carbon, leading to a reduced torsional strain. In staggered...
16.6K

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Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units
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Cinturones de hidrocarburos con estructuras de cono truncadas

Qian Zhang1, Yan-E Zhang1, Shuo Tong1

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 7, 2020
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores crearon nuevos cinturones de hidrocarburos utilizando materiales de partida de resorcinareno. Estos cinturones moleculares pueden albergar selectivamente moléculas pequeñas como el nitrometano y el p-xileno.

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Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química supramolecular
  • Síntesis orgánica
  • Ciencias de los materiales

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los macrociclos de resorcinareno son plataformas versátiles para construir arquitecturas moleculares complejas.
  • El desarrollo de nuevos materiales huéspedes con cavidades a medida es crucial para el reconocimiento y la separación molecular.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Sintetizar y caracterizar una nueva clase de cinturones de hidrocarburos derivados de las resorcinarenas.
  • Explorar la diversidad estructural y las propiedades huésped-invitado de estos nuevos cinturones moleculares.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó una estrategia de cierre de todos los fiordos que involucra triflación, vinilación catalizada por metales de transición y metástasis de olefinas intramoleculares.
  • Se utiliza la hidrogenación selectiva de subunidades de olefinas y benceno para generar diversas estructuras de hidrocarburos.
  • Caracterizó los compuestos sintetizados utilizando técnicas espectroscópicas y cristalográficas.

Principales resultados:

  • Sintetizó con éxito cinturón[n]areno[n]tropilidenos (n = 4, 6) con estructuras de cinturón macrocíclico de doble cadena.
  • Se encontró que las cavidades de los cinturones moleculares eran conos truncados.
  • Demostró la capacidad de los cinturones de hidrocarburos para incluir selectivamente moléculas pequeñas como el nitrometano y el p-xileno.

Conclusiones:

  • La estrategia sintética desarrollada facilita el acceso a nuevos cinturones de hidrocarburos.
  • Estos cinturones moleculares exhiben características estructurales únicas y funcionan como materiales huéspedes sintéticos efectivos.
  • La inclusión selectiva de moléculas pequeñas destaca sus aplicaciones potenciales en la química huésped-invitado y la ciencia de la separación.