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Cohesins

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Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of...

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

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As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules. Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...

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The cytoskeleton is an essential cell component that plays several structural and functional roles. However, the filaments that make up the cytoskeleton cannot function independently and depend on the accessory or ancillary proteins to effectively carry out their function. Accessory proteins associate with cytoskeletal filaments and their monomers, aiding filament formation and function. They also help in the cross-communication among cytoskeletal filaments. Cytoskeletal accessory proteins are...

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La base estructural para los bucles anclados en cohesión-CTCF

Yan Li¹, Judith H I Haarhuis², Ángela Sedeño Cacciatore²

¹European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France.

|January 7, 2020

Resumen

Las proteínas Cohesin y CTCF estructuran el genoma formando bucles. Este estudio revela cómo el CTCF se une directamente a la cohesión, explicando la formación de bucles y la organización del genoma.

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Área de la Ciencia:

La genómica
Biología molecular
Biología estructural

Sus antecedentes:

La cohesina y CTCF son proteínas clave involucradas en el plegamiento del genoma en bucles.
Los mecanismos moleculares precisos de la estructuración del genoma 3D mediada por la cohesión-CTCF siguen siendo incompletamente entendidos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para aclarar la base molecular de la interacción entre CTCF y la cohesión.
Comprender el papel de esta interacción en la formación del bucle anclado por CTCF y el posicionamiento de la cohesión.

Principales métodos:

Cristalografía de rayos X para determinar la estructura del complejo SA2-SCC1-CTCF.
Ensayos bioquímicos para validar el significado funcional de la interacción.

Principales resultados:

Un segmento N-terminal específico de CTCF interactúa con las subunidades SA2-SCC1 de la cohesión humana.
La estructura cristalina revela los detalles moleculares de esta interacción.
Esta interacción es crucial para los bucles anclados en CTCF y la localización de la cohesión en los sitios de unión.
Un motivo similar se encuentra en otros ligandos de cohesión, incluido WAPL.

Conclusiones:

CTCF protege la cohesión de la liberación del bucle, permitiendo así la formación del bucle de cromatina.
Este trabajo proporciona información fundamental sobre la regulación dinámica del plegamiento del genoma por cohesión y CTCF.